Mechanisms of immune-related differentially expressed genes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy based on the GEO database.

Background: We performed a differential analysis, enrichment analysis, and immune-infiltration analysis of the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) gene using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the immune-related mechanisms of TAO.

Methods: We searched the GEO database for "Graves disease" and selected the genes expressed in the lacrimal gland of thyroid-related eye disease patients as the test group and the genes expressed in the lacrimal gland of normal subjects as the control group. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (irDEGs), gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein-protein interaction, gene-gene interaction (GGI) network, pivotal gene identification, and immune-infiltration analyses were carried out, and finally, risk-prediction models were constructed.

Precise engineering of Gemcitabine prodrug cocktails into single polymeric nanoparticles delivery for metastatic thyroid cancer cells.

GLOBOCAN estimates 36 types of cancers in 185 countries based on the incidence, mortality, and prevalence in the year 2019. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the most widely used cancer treatment among immune, radio, hormone, and gene therapies. Here, we describe a very simple yet cost-effective approach that synergistically combines drug reconstitution, supramolecular nano-assembly, and tumor-specific targeting to address the multiple challenges posed by the delivery of the chemotherapeutic Gemcitabine (GEM) drug.