Effect on macrophage proliferation of a novel polysaccharide from (L. ex Fr.) Gray.

The fundamental mechanisms underlying the preventional and therapeutic effects of polysaccharides from fungi, including the immunostimulatory, antiviral and antitumor effects, are considered to occur through the modulation and stimulation of the macrophage and complement system. LDG-A, a novel polysaccharide from (L. ex Fr.

Structural characterization, immune regulation and antioxidant activity of a new heteropolysaccharide from Cantharellus cibarius Fr.

A new heteropolysaccharide was extracted and purified from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius Fr. The Cantharellus cibarius Fr. polysaccharide (CC-1) had a molecular weight of 61,056 kDa and was mainly formed of the glucose and xylose at ratio of 5:1.

Comparative Analysis of Transcriptomes of Macrophage Revealing the Mechanism of the Immunoregulatory Activities of a Novel Polysaccharide Isolated from Frost.

Background: The mechanism of the immunoregulatory activities of polysaccharide is still not clear.

Materials And Methods: Here, we performed the B-cell, T-cell, and macrophage cell proliferation, the cell cycle analysis of macrophage cells, sequenced the transcriptomes of control group macrophages, and Frost polysaccharide (BSF-1) group macrophages using Illumina sequencing technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to determine the molecular mechanisms of immunomodulatory activity of BSF-1 in macrophages.

Results: These results suggested that BSF-1 could promote the proliferation of B-cell, T-cell, and macrophages, promote the proliferation of macrophage cells by abolishing cell cycle arrests in the G0/G1 phases, and promote cell cycle progression in S-phase and G2/M phase, which might induce cell division.

Structure elucidation and antitumor activity of a new polysaccharide from Maerkang .

A new heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of which had a molecular weight of 12078 Da. The results of structural features analysis showed that polysaccharide, here named TMP-B, was mainly composed of α - D - glucose and α - D - galactose which ratios were 7:2 and had a backbone of 1, 4 - linked α - D - glucose which branches were mainly composed of two 6 - linked α - D - galactose residue, and the α - D - galactose was 1, 6 - linked. Antitumor activity results showed that heteropolysaccharide TMP-B could inhibit the growth of S180 tumor and promote the apoptosis of L929 cells .

Preventative effect of OMZ-SPT on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and inflammation via nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in mice.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an early pathophysiologic change in acute respiratory distress syndrome and its management can be challenging. Omalizumab (Xolair™) is a recombinant DNA-derived, humanized antibody. OMZ-SPT is a polypeptide on the heavy chain of omalizumab monoclonal antibody.

Structure and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide derived from Amanita caesarea.

A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Amanita caesarea using a diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column, Sephacryl S‑300 gel column and Sephadex G‑200 column. The Amanita caesarea polysaccharide was predominantly composed of α-D-glucose and α-D-lyxose at a ratio of 2:1, and it had a molecular weight of 19,329 Da. The structural features of the Amanita caesarea polysaccharide were investigated by a combination of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Structure elucidation, proliferation effect on macrophage and its mechanism of a new heteropolysaccharide from Lactarius deliciosus Gray.

A new heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Lactarius deliciosus Gray which had a molecular weight of 16kDa and was mainly composed of the galactose and glucose. Structural elucidation results indicated that Lactarius deliciosus Gray polysaccharide (LDG-B) had a backbone of (1,6)-linked d-galactose and (1, 2, 6)-linked d-galactose which branches were mainly composed of 4-linked d-glucose and 6-linked d-galactose residue. Cell cycle test results showed that LDG-B could promote the proliferation of B cells and macrophage cells by affecting G0/G1 phase, S phases and G2/M phases.

Comparative analysis of macrophage transcriptomes reveals a key mechanism of the immunomodulatory activity of Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharide.

In the present study, we performed a proliferation assay, phagocytosis assay and cell cycle analysis of macrophages and sequenced the transcriptomes of control group macrophages and TMP-A group macrophages using Illumina sequencing technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and determine the molecular mechanisms associated with differences in the immunomodulatory activity of TMP-A in macrophages. The results showed that TMP-A exhibits strong proliferation activity and phagocytosis activity in RAW264.7 cells in vitro and could also promote the proliferation of macrophage cells by abolishing cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and promoting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, which may induce cell division.

Structure elucidation and anti-tumor activities of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Lactarius deliciosus (L. ex Fr.) Gray.

Background: Oligosaccharides are composed of a variable number of monosaccharide units and very important in the biologically diverse of biological systems.

Materials And Methods: Crude water-soluble oligosaccharide was extracted from the fruiting bodies with water and then successively purified by DEAE-cellulose 52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharides fractions: LES-A. Structural features of Lactarius deliciosus (L.

Structure elucidation, anticancer and antioxidant activities of a novel polysaccharide from Gomphus clavatus Gray.

A novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Gomphus clavatus Gray was isolated through Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose columns. The Gomphus clavatus Gray polysaccharide (GCG-1) was mainly composed of β-D-glucosepyranose (β-D-Glu) and α-D-galactopyranose (α-D-Gal) in a ratio of 3:2 and had a molecular weight of ~50,000 Da. The structure of GCG-1 was investigated by a combination of total hydrolysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectra.

Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus.

Oligosaccharide are carbohydrate molecules, comprising repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. In recent years, an increasing number of oligosaccharides have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation effects. In the present study, crude water‑soluble oligosaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus with water and then successively purified by diethylaminoethyl‑cellulose 52 and Sephadex G‑100 column chromatography, yielding one major oligosaccharide fraction: Hericium erinaceus oligosaccharide (HEO‑A).

Comparative analysis and molecular characterization of a gene BANF1 encoded a DNA-binding protein during mitosis from the Giant Panda and Black Bear.

Barrier to autointegration factor 1 (BANF1) is a DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mitosis. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of BANF1 were cloned from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus mupinensis) using RT-PCR technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively. The cDNA of the BANF1 cloned from Giant Panda and Black Bear is 297 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 270 bp encoding 89 amino acids.

Nucleotide sequences of an important functional gene hnRNPA2/B1 from Ailuropoda melanoleuca and Ursus thibetanus mupinensis and its potential value in phylogenetic study.

The cDNA fragments of hnRNPA2/B1 were cloned from the giant panda and black bear using RT-PCR method, which were, respectively, 1029bp and 1026bp in length encoding 343 and 341 amino acids. Analysis indicated the cDNA cloned from the giant panda encoded variant B1 while the cDNA cloned from black bear encoded variant A2. Analyzing the hnRNPA2B1 peptide of the giant panda and black bear, 76 glycine residues and 86 glycine residues were, respectively, found, and moreover, most glycine are concentrated in the latter halves of the hnRNPA2B1 peptides.

Pharmacological evaluation for anticancer and immune activities of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Boletus speciosus Frost.

The fungal polysaccharides have been revealed to exhibit a variety of biological activities, including antitumor, immune-stimulation and antioxidation activities. In the present study, the immune and anticancer activities of a novel polysaccharide, BSF-A, isolated from Boletus speciosus Frost was investigated. The inhibitory rate of S180 tumors in mice treated with 40 mg/kg BSF-A reached 62.

Overexpression, purification, molecular characterization and the effect on tumor growth of ribosomal protein L22 from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

The ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22) protein belongs to the L22E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The purpose of this paper was to explore the structure and anti-cancer function of RPL22 of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

Structure elucidation and antioxidant effect of a polysaccharide from Lactarius camphoratum (Bull.) Fr.

In this study, a heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Lactarius camphoratum (Bull.) Fr. through DEAE-cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 column.

Anti-microorganism, anti-tumor, and immune activities of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Tricholoma matsutake.

Background: Many more fungal polysaccharides have been reported to exhibit a variety of biological activities, including anti-tumor, immunostimulation, anti-oxidation, and so on. The non-starch polysaccharides have emerged as an important class of bioactive natural products.

Objective: To investigate the anti-microorganism, anti-tumor, and immune activities of a novel polysaccharide (TMP-A) isolated from Tricholoma matsutake.

Overexpression, purification, molecular characterization and pharmacological evaluation for anticancer activity of ribosomal protein S23 from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

Ribosomal protein S23 (RPS23) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit encoded by the RPS23 gene, which is specific to eukaryotes. The cDNA and genomic sequence of RPS23 were cloned from Ailuropoda melanoleuca (A. melanoleuca) using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology and touchdown PCR, respectively.

Molecular characterization of a gene POLR2H encoded an essential subunit for RNA polymerase II from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca).

The Giant Panda is an endangered and valuable gene pool in genetic, its important functional gene POLR2H encodes an essential shared peptide H of RNA polymerases. The genomic DNA and cDNA sequences were cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adopting touchdown-PCR and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The length of the genomic sequence of the Giant Panda is 3,285 bp, including five exons and four introns.

Expression, purification, and evaluation for anticancer activity of ribosomal protein L31 gene (RPL31) from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

Ribosomal protein L31 gene is a component of the 60S large ribosomal subunit encoded by RPL31 gene, while ribosomal protein L31 (RPL31) is an important constituent of peptidyltransferase center. In our research, the cDNA and the genomic sequence of RPL31 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology respectively, following sequencing and analyzing preliminarily. We constructed a recombinant expression vector contained RPL31 cDNA and over-expressed it in Escherichia coli using pET28a plasmids.

Structure feature and antitumor activity of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Lactarius deliciosus Gray.

A novel heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Lactarius deliciosus Gray through DEAE-cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 column. The L. deliciosus Gray polysaccharide (LDG-A) had a molecular weight of 1.

cDNA cloning, overexpression, purification and pharmacologic evaluation for anticancer activity of ribosomal protein L23A gene (RPL23A) from the Giant Panda.

RPL23A gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L23P family of ribosomal proteins, which is located in the cytoplasm. The purpose of this paper was to explore the structure and anti-cancer function of ribosomal protein L23A (RPL23A) gene of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

Structure elucidation and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Boletus speciosus Forst.

In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus speciosus Forst through DEAE-cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 column. The Boletus speciosus Forst polysaccharide (BSFP-1) had a molecular weight of 1.33×10(4) Da and was mainly composed of l-Man and d-Gal which ratios were 2:1.

Cloning and overexpression of an important functional gene ATP6V1F encoding a component of vacuolar ATPase from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

ATP6V1F encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase mediating acidification. The cDNA and the genomic sequences of ATP6V1F were cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and touchdown-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The cDNA fragment cloned is 364 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 360 bp encoding 119 amino acids.

cDNA, genomic sequence cloning, and overexpression of EIF1 from the giant panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca) and the black bear (Ursus Thibetanus Mupinensis).

Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) EIF1 is a universally conserved translation factor that is involved in translation initiation site selection. The cDNA and the genomic sequences of EIF1 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the black bear (Ursus thibetanus mupinensis) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology and touchdown-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The cDNAs of the EIF1 cloned from the giant panda and the black bear are 418 bp in size, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 342 bp encoding 113 amino acids.