High-altitude environments enhance the ability of to regulate body mass during food limitation, with a focus on gut microorganisms and physiological markers.

Animals' digestion, energy metabolism, and immunity are significantly influenced by interactions between the gut microbiota and the intestinal environment of the host. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota of can respond to environmental changes, high fiber or fat foods. But how in high-altitude adapt to their environment through gut microbiota and physiological changes during winter food shortages period was unclear.

Comparative analysis of energy homeostasis regulation at different altitudes in Hengduan Mountain of red-backed vole, , during high-fat diet acclimation: examining gut microbial and physiological interactions.

The study aimed to explore the similarities and differences in gut microorganisms and their functions in regulating body mass in across different altitudes in the Hengduan Mountains when exposed to a high-fat diet. specimens were gathered from Dali (DL) and Xianggelila (XGLL) in Yunnan Province, China, and categorized into control, high-fat (1 week of high-fat diet), and re-feeding groups (1 week of high-fat diet followed by 2 weeks of standard food). The analysis utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the diversity and structure of intestinal microbial communities in .

Metagenomic comparison of intestinal microbiota between normal and liver fibrotic rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Liver fibrosis is an important pathological process in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Recent studies have found a close association between intestinal microbiota and the development of liver fibrosis. To determine whether there are differences in the intestinal microbiota between rhesus macaques with liver fibrosis (MG) and normal rhesus macaques (MN), fecal samples were collected from 8 male MG and 12 male MN.

Emerging therapies: Potential roles of SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple clinical conditions and may be associated with a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) currently lacks targeted therapies, while Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), despite approved treatments, carries considerable residual risk. Metabolic dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis and prognosis of PH through various studies, with emerging metabolic agents offering a potential avenue for improving patient outcomes.

Methylation of the leptin gene promoter is associated with a negative correlation between leptin concentration and body fat in Tupaia belangeri.

Aims: Leptin is a signaling protein secreted by white adipose tissue encoded by the obesity gene, and its main function is to regulate the food intake and energy metabolism in mammals. Previous studies had found that animal leptin concentration was positively correlated with its body fat, but the leptin concentration of Tupaia belangeri was negatively correlated with its body fat mass. The present study attempted to investigate the mechanisms of leptin concentration negatively correlated with its body fat mass in T.

Clinical features and risk factors analysis for poor outcomes of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a nomogram prediction model.

Background: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death among children aged 1-59 months. The early prediction of poor outcomes (PO) is of critical concern. This study aimed to explore the risk factors relating to PO in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) and build a PO-predictive nomogram model for children with SCAP.

Effects of high-fiber food on gut microbiology and energy metabolism in at different altitudes.

Intestinal microorganisms assist the host in digesting complex and difficultly decomposed foods; expand the host's dietary ecological niche. In order to investigate the effect of high-fiber food on intestinal microorganisms of at different altitudes, exploring the regional differences of intestinal microorganisms and their roles in body mass regulation, we collected from Dali (DL) and Xianggelila (XGLL), which were divided into control group, high-fiber group fed with high-fiber diet for 7 days, and refeeding group fed with standard diet for 14 days after high-fiber diet. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology combined with physiological methods, we analyzed the gut microbial diversity, abundance, community structure and related physiological indicators of each group, and explored the effects of high-fiber foods and regions on the diversity, structure of gut microorganisms and physiological indicators.

Molecular genetics and quantitative traits divergence among populations of from Hengduan Mountain region.

An important objective of evolutionary biology has always been to grasp the evolutionary and genetic processes that contribute to speciation. The present work provides the first detailed account of the genetic and physiological adaptation to changing environmental temperatures as well as the reasons causing intraspecific divergence in the from the Hengduan Mountain (HM) region, one of the biodiversity hotspots. One hundred sixty-one individuals from five populations in the HM region had their reduced-representation genome sequenced, and one additional individual from each community had their genomes resequenced.

Butyrate and obesity: Current research status and future prospect.

Over the past few decades, increasing prevalence of obesity caused an enormous medical, social, and economic burden. As the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide, obesity not only directly harms the human body, but also leads to many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and mental illness. Weight loss is still one of the most effective strategies against obesity and related disorders.

Analysis of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in adipose tissue of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) under gradient cooling acclimation.

In order to investigate the influence of gradient cooling acclimation on body mass regulation in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri), white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in T. belangeri between the control group and gradient cooling acclimation group on day 56 were collected, body mass, food intake, thermogenic capacity, differential metabolites, and related metabolic pathways in WAT and BAT were measured, the changes of differential metabolites were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics method based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results shown that gradient cooling acclimation significantly increased body mass, food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), and masses of WAT and BAT.

Effects of exogenous melatonin on body mass and thermogenesis in red-backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) between Kunming and Dali regions.

Melatonin (MEL) is an indole hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland at night, which is involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in small mammals. To test the effects of exogenous MEL on body mass and thermogenic ability in two different red-backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) populations from two different regions (Kunming [KM] and Dali [DL]) with different annual variation in climatic variables, such as temperature, sunshine and rainfall. we traced the changes of energy balance in E.

Roles of leptin on energy balance and thermoregulation in .

Leptin is a hormone mainly synthesized and secreted by white adipose tissue (WAT), which regulates various physiological processes. To investigate the role of leptin in energy balance and thermoregulation in , voles were randomly divided into leptin-injected and PBS-injected groups and placed at 25°C ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 12 L:12 D. They were housed under laboratory conditions for 28 days and compared in terms of body mass, food intake, water intake, core body temperature, interscapular skin temperature, resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity, and serum hormone levels.

Roles of Ghrelin and Leptin in Body Mass Regulation under Food Restriction Based on the AMPK Pathway in the Red-Backed Vole, , from Kunming and Dali Regions.

The phenotype plasticity of animals' physiological characteristics is an important survival strategy to cope with environmental changes, especially the change in climate factors. Small mammals that inhabit seasonally changing environments often face the stress of food shortage in winter. This study measured and compared the thermogenic characteristics and related physiological indicators in the adenosine-5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in between Kunming (KM, = 18) and Dali (DL, = 18) under food restriction and refeeding.

Differences of energy adaptation strategies in between Pianma and Tengchong region by metabolomics of liver: Role of warmer temperature.

Global warming is becoming the future climate trend and will have a significant impact on small mammals, and they will also adapt at the physiological levels in response to climate change, among which the adaptation of energetics is the key to their survival. In order to investigate the physiological adaptation strategies in affected by the climate change and to predict their possible fate under future global warming, we designed a metabonomic study in between two different places, including Pianma (PM, annual average temperature 15.01°C) and Tengchong (TC, annual average temperature 20.

Comparative research of intestinal microbiota diversity and body mass regulation in from different areas of Hengduan mountain regions.

In order to investigate the effects of different areas on intestinal bacterial diversity and body mass regulation in from Hengduan mountain regions, and to explore the community structure and diversity of intestinal microflora and their role in body mass regulation. was collected from five areas including Deqin (DQ), Xianggelila (XGLL), Lijiang (LJ), Jianchuan (JC), and Dali (DL), we used 16S rRNA sequencing technology combined with physiological and morphological methods to study the intestinal microbiota diversity, abundance and community structure of the intestinal bacteria in winter, and to explore the influence of geographical factors, physiological indicators including food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcription peptide (CART), and morphological indicators including body mass, body length and other nine indicators on the intestinal microflora diversity in . The results showed that there were significant differences in metabolic indexes such as RMR, NST, NPY, AgRP, and morphological indexes such as body length, tail length and ear length among the five regions.

Sodium butyrate attenuated diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation partly by promoting fat thermogenesis intro-adipose sympathetic innervation.

Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, may have beneficial effects on obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities, but the related molecular mechanism is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of butyrate in diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders and the relevant regulatory mechanisms. Here, dietary supplementation with Sodium butyrate (NaB) was carried out in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or chow diet.

Enoxacin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome by promoting the browning of white adipose tissue and restoring gut dysbiosis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder syndrome characterized by polycystic ovary, ovulation disorder and hyperandrogenemia, and is often accompanied by metabolic disorders. Enoxacin has been reported to protect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by promoting fat thermogenesis. However, the function of enoxacin in PCOS remains unknown.

Dietary Supplement of . Polysaccharides Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by High Fat Diet via "Gut-Brain" Axis.

Purpose: . polysaccharides (ARPs) have been reported to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemia. This study aims to investigate the effect of ARPs on cognitive dysfunction induced by high fat diet (HFD).

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus Roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. in diet-induced obesity.

Background: Recent studies have shown that polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (ARPs) can reduce blood glucose levels, ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation.

Population genomics provides insights into the evolution and adaptation of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) in China.

Physiological adaptation of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) to changing environmental temperature has been reported in detail. However, the T. belangeri origin (mainland or island), population history, and adaptation to historical climate change remain largely unknown or controversial.

Metabonomics of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue in Tupaia belangeri during cold acclimation.

In the present study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) was used to perform untargeted metabolomics analysis of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in Tupaia belangeri during cold acclimation. Differences in biochemical composition between WAT and BAT were compared. Clarifying how the two adipose tissues respond to the lower temperature in terms of metabolomics, which elucidate the metabolic process and energy homeostasis regulation mechanism in T.

Evidence for the 'rate-of-living' hypothesis between mammals and lizards, but not in birds, with field metabolic rate.

Longevity, an important life-history trait, is determined by extrinsic and/or intrinsic causing mortality. Here, we used body mass (BM), field metabolic rate (FMR), longevity, and female maturity data reported from 300 amniote species to test whether 1) longevity was related to BM, FMR and female maturity, and 2) FMR, female maturity, or both, had a direct effect on longevity and whether an indirect effect of FMR on female maturity improved model fit. The results showed that BM was positively correlated with longevity and FMR, but negatively correlated with mass-specific FMR (mFMR) in amniotes.

Metabolomics on serum levels and liver of male Tupaia belangeri from 12 locations in China by GC-MS.

Objectives: To investigate adaptive strategies of Tupaia belangeri to environmental factors in different populations, 12 locations were selected, including higher and lower altitude areas.

Results: Total of 96 and 90 metabolites were annotated in serum and liver respectively, which were mainly concentrated in primary metabolites. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the locations were divided into two groups in serum metabolites, but each group had a few samples overlap.

Metabolomics of Eothenomys miletus from five Hengduan Mountains locations in summer.

Climatic characteristics of Hengduan Mountains region were diverse, and Eothenomys miletus was a native species throughout this region. To investigate adaptive strategies of E. miletus to environmental factors in different locations in this region, five locations were selected, including Deqin (DQ), Xianggelila (XGLL), Lijiang (LJ), Jianchuan (JC) and Ailaoshan (ALS).

Role of thermal physiology and bioenergetics on adaptation in tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri): the experiment test.

Ambient conditions, as temperature and photoperiod, play a key role in animals' physiology and behaviors. To test the hypothesis that the maximum thermal physiological and bioenergetics tolerances are induced by extreme environments in Tupaia belangeri. We integrated the acclimatized and acclimated data in several physiological, hormonal, and biochemical markers of thermogenic capacity and bioenergetics in T.