Nanocarriers for Delivery of Anticancer Drugs: Current Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Cancer, the most common condition worldwide, ranks second in terms of the number of human deaths, surpassing cardiovascular diseases. Uncontrolled cell multiplication and resistance to cell death are the traditional features of cancer. The myriad of treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy to treat this disease.

Extrusion-aided interaction of rice starch with whey protein isolate: Synergistic influence on physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility characteristics.

Synergistic influence of extrusion conditions and whey protein isolate (WPI) incorporation on glycemic response and physicochemical characteristics of rice starch was studied. Box-Behnken Design was used to evaluate effect of process variables (rice starch:WPI ratio; feed moisture and barrel temperature) on quality characteristics of resistant starch-rich, low GI extruded snacks (RSLG-E). Optimum conditions for development of RSLG-E were WPI:18.

Evaluating the activity of cefoperazone-sulbactam against Gram negative pathogens in blood stream infections using automated systems.

Background And Objectives: The incidence of multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative organisms, isolated as the etiological agents of infections is ascending. The advent of novel antibiotics poses significant challenges, necessitating the optimization and utilization of extant antimicrobial agents. Cefoperazone, a third-generation cephalosporin and β-lactam antimicrobial, when combined with sulbactam, an irreversible β-lactamase inhibitor, mitigates the vulnerability of cefoperazone to β-lactamase-producing organisms.

Time to Therapy May Not Impact Diagnosis Upstaging in Patients Referred for Management of Luminal Gastrointestinal Neoplasia.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically impacted endoscopy practice. Recommendations were to postpone elective cases, including procedures for removal of luminal neoplasia. This provided a natural experiment to evaluate outcomes related to these decisions and the impact of time to procedure on change in histology.

Value of HCC surveillance in a landscape of emerging surveillance options: Perspectives of a multi-stakeholder modified delphi panel.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is recommended by liver professional societies but lacks broad acceptance by several primary care and cancer societies due to limitations in the existing data. We convened a diverse multidisciplinary group of cancer screening experts to evaluate current and future paradigms of HCC prevention and early detection using a rigorous Delphi panel approach. The experts had high agreement on twenty-one statements about primary prevention, HCC surveillance benefits, HCC surveillance harms, and the evaluation of emerging surveillance modalities.

Impact of ultrasound assisted pretreatment and drying methods on quality characteristics of underutilized vegetable purslane.

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound pretreatment and different drying methods viz sun drying, solar drying, cabinet drying, vacuum drying, microwave assisted drying and freeze drying on physicochemical, phytochemical activity, rehydration ratio and drying time of the purslane. The purslane was ultrasonicated for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min following by drying. The ultrasound pretreatment (60 min) combined with freeze drying retained the highest antioxidants (95.

Determinants of adequate antenatal care among immediate postpartum mothers in Eastern Uganda: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Antenatal care is essential for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, particularly in low-income regions. However, the adequacy of the care provided is crucial for achieving maternal health goals. Maternal mortality rates in Uganda are still among the highest globally.

The Impact of Pancreatic Endotherapy on Quality of Life in Chronic Pancreatitis.

Background And Aims: Pancreatic endotherapy (PET) offers a treatment option for complications of chronic pancreatitis (CP) such as pancreatic duct (PD) strictures, stones, and pseudocysts. As prior studies have primarily focused on how PET affects pain, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PET on quality of life.

Methods: This single-center prospective study assessed quality of life before the initiation of endotherapy utilizing a validated CP-specific quality of life instrument (PANQOLI).

Compliance with the WHO recommended 8+ antenatal care contacts schedule among postpartum mothers in eastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 8 antenatal care (ANC) contacts during pregnancy, but many women in low and middle-income countries do not adhere to this schedule, which may contribute to high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality. This study assessed compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule and associated factors among postpartum mothers in eastern Uganda.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted between July and August 2022 at four selected hospitals in Eastern Uganda using quantitative techniques.

Outcomes Associated with a Patient Blood Management Program in Major Obstetric Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Obstetric patient blood management (PBM) strategies were used at Corniche Hospital in 2018, initially focusing on minimizing bleeding, with other clinical strategies implemented incrementally. This study assesses program outcomes in patients with major obstetric hemorrhage of 2000 mL or greater.

Methods: A retrospective study of 353 women admitted to The Corniche Hospital between 2018 and 2023 who experienced major obstetric hemorrhage of 2000 mL or greater.

Adverse Events Associated With Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related adverse events (AEs) are associated with morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. We aimed to assess incidences and comparisons of ERCP AEs.

Methods: We included studies performed after 2000 reporting on ERCP AEs from database inception through March 12, 2024.

Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Clinically Significant Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Bleeding: A Contemporary Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Clinically significant post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding (CSPEB) is common. Contemporary estimates of risk are lacking. We aimed to identify risk factors of and outcomes after CSPEB.

CRISPR/Cas technology: fueling the future of Biofuel production with sugarcane.

The objective of present review is to provide a scientific overview of sugarcane as a potential feedstock for biofuel and use of genome editing approach for improvement of industrial and agronomical traits in sugarcane. Sugarcane, a perennial tropical grass with a high biomass index, is a promising feedstock for bioethanol production, and its bagasse, rich in lignocellulosic material, serves as an ideal feedstock for producing second-generation bioethanol. To improve the conversion of sugarcane biomass into biofuels, developing varieties with improved biomass degradability and high biomass and sucrose content is essential.

Cap-Specific mAm Methyltransferase PCIF1/CAPAM Regulates mRNA Stability of and through the mA Methyltransferase Activity.

Chemical modifications of cellular RNAs play key roles in gene expression and host defense. The cap-adjacent ,2'--dimethyladenosine (mAm) is a prevalent modification of vertebrate and viral mRNAs and is catalyzed by the newly discovered methyltransferase PCIF1. However, its role in gene expression remains unclear due to conflicting reports on its effects on mRNA stability and translation.

Correlation of Diabetes Related Factors with Vitamin D and Immunological Parameters in T2DM Kashmiri Population.

In this study, the role of inflammatory biomarkers and vitamin D in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their correlation with diabetes related factors (HbA1c, FPG, and insulin) was analysed. In this study, Kashmiri patients with T2DM and healthy individuals were considered as cases (n = 100) and controls (n = 100) respectively. Blood samples from both groups were collected, inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, CRP), as well as serum vitamin D levels, were estimated by ELISA.

Elucidating the molecular symphony: unweaving the transcriptional & epigenetic pathways underlying neuroplasticity in opioid dependence and withdrawal.

The persistent use of opioids leads to profound changes in neuroplasticity of the brain, contributing to the emergence and persistence of addiction. However, chronic opioid use disrupts the delicate balance of the reward system in the brain, leading to neuroadaptations that underlie addiction. Chronic cocaine usage leads to synchronized alterations in gene expression, causing modifications in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), a vital part of the reward system of the brain.

Sphincterotomy for biliary sphincter of Oddi disorder and idiopathic acute recurrent pancreatitis: the RESPOnD longitudinal cohort.

Objective: Sphincter of Oddi disorders (SOD) are contentious conditions in patients whose abdominal pain, idiopathic acute pancreatitis (iAP) might arise from pressurisation at the sphincter of Oddi. The present study aimed to measure the benefit of sphincterotomy for suspected SOD.

Design: Prospective cohort conducted at 14 US centres with 12 months follow-up.

Technical Factors Associated With the Benefit of Prophylactic Pancreatic Stent Placement During High-Risk Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Secondary Analysis of the SVI Trial Data Set.

Introduction: Prophylactic pancreatic stent placement (PSP) is effective for preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in high-risk cases, but the optimal technical approach to this intervention remains uncertain.

Methods: In this secondary analysis of 787 clinical trial patients who underwent successful stent placement, we studied the impact of (i) whether pancreatic wire access was achieved for the sole purpose of PSP or naturally during the conduct of the case, (ii) the amount of effort expended on PSP, (iii) stent length, (iv) stent diameter, and (v) guidewire caliber. We used logistic regression models to examine the adjusted association between each technical factor and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).

Determination of G and P genotypes of bovine group A rotavirus with emergence of unusual G- and P-type combinations from neonatal calf diarrhea in Kashmir, India.

A total of 490 diarrhoeic samples from calves aged between 0 and 6 months were screened for the presence of different G- and P-genotypes of rotavirus circulating in bovines in the Kashmir Valley. Of the 490 diarrhoeic samples, Group A rotavirus was detected in 68 (13.87%) samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by RNA-PAGE.

Role of osteoclast inhibitors in prostate cancer bone metastasis; a narrative review.

Objective: To study the role of Osteoclast inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer metastasis treatment and their efficacy in reducing skeletal related events.

Methods: Data Source: A comprehensive search was done using search terms as "osteoclast inhibitors" "Bisphosphonates" "Zoledronic acid" " pamidronate" " Alendronate" "Denosumab" " Prostate cancer metastasis" in pubmed and Google scholar. Relevant articles were screened and collected .

Optimizing ultrasonic parameters for development of vitamin D3-loaded gum arabic nanoemulsions - An approach for vitamin D3 fortification.

Vitamin D encapsulation can significantly improve its bioavailability, stability, and solubility. Various biopolymers viz. whey protein isolate, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and gum arabic were studied for their potential to be used as wall material and gum arabic was selected for encapsulating vitamin D3 as it possesses lesser particle size, apparent viscosity and better stability in terms of zeta potential.