Iatrogenic bile duct injuries in kashmir valley.

Cholecystectomy is one of the commonest operations performed throughout the world and bile duct injury is the worst complication of this procedure. In a prospective and retrospective study 25 patients were seen in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 10 years. 72% of patients were referred from other hospitals.

Primary splenic hydatidosis.

Primary extrahepatic hydatid cysts are rare, and primary splenic hydatid cysts even more so, constituting 2% to 3.5% of all hydatid cysts. We report here a case series of isolated splenic hydatid cysts.

Environmental impact assessment of cottage industries of Kashmir, India.

Our objective was to carry out environmental impact assessment of small scale industries in Kashmir (India). A prepared questionnaire was circulated among the workers, owners and residents to assess the pros and cons of the small scale industries in Kashmir. The study revealed that most of the small scale industries in Kashmir valley have an impact on the quality of the environment and may cause discomfort to the people living very close to these industries.

Novelty of Axin 2 and lack of Axin 1 gene mutation in colorectal cancer: a study in Kashmiri population.

Colorectal cancer is (CRC) one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Various genetic factors have been reported to be involved in the development of colorectal cancers including Axin gene. Axin, a major scaffold protein, plays an important role in various bio signaling pathways.

Coexpressed D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors antagonistically modulate acetylcholine release in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Dopamine acts through two classes of G protein-coupled receptor (D1-like and D2-like) to modulate neuron activity in the brain. While subtypes of D1- and D2-like receptors are coexpressed in many neurons of the mammalian brain, it is unclear how signaling by these coexpressed receptors interacts to modulate the activity of the neuron in which they are expressed. D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors are also coexpressed in the cholinergic ventral-cord motor neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Peritoneal hydatidosis in a young girl.

We report a case of peritoneal hydatidosis that occurred post laparotomy. Patient was diagnosed nine months after she had laparotomy for suspected acute appendicitis. The whole peritoneal cavity was studded with cysts.

Pyogenic liver abscess: Changing patterns in approach.

Aim: To define optimum management of the pyogenic liver abscess and assess new trends in treatment.

Methods: One hundred and sixty nine patients with pyogenic liver abscess managed at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir (India) from July 2001 to August 2006 were studied to evaluate and define the optimum treatment.

Results: Mortality in the surgically treated group of patients was 9.

Mannheim Peritonitis Index and APACHE II--prediction of outcome in patients with peritonitis.

Background: Early prognostic evaluation of patients with peritonitis is desirable to select high-risk patients for intensive management and also to provide a reliable objective classification of severity and operative risk. This study attempts to evaluate the use of scoring systems such as Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation score (APACHE II) and Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) in patients with peritonitis.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted using 101 consecutive patients (69 male, 32 female) having generalized peritonitis over a two-year period.

Meckel's diverticulum-Revisited.

Meckel's diverticulum is a true intestinal diverticulum that results from the failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate during the fifth week of fetal development. In about 50% cases, it contains ectopic or heterotopic tissue which can be the cause of complications. A systematic review of literature was undertaken to study the history, incidence, embryoanatomy, clinical presentation, complication and management of Meckel's diverticulum.

Molecular gate keepers succumb to gene aberrations in colorectal cancer in Kashmiri population, revealing a high incidence area.

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignancies worldwide and has been reported to show geographical variation in its incidence, even within areas of ethnic homogeneity. The aim of this study was to identify p53 and K-ras gene mutations in CRC patients in a Kashmiri population, and to assess whether these mutations are linked with clinicopathological parameters.

Materials And Methods: Paired tumor and normal tissue samples from a consecutive series of 53 patients undergoing resective surgery for CRC were prospectively studied for p53 and K-ras gene mutations by PCR/single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP).

Olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets (Zyprexa Zydis) rapidly improve excitement components in the acute phase of first-episode schizophrenic patients: an open-label prospective study.

An open-label study was performed to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets (Zyprexa Zydis) in ameliorating excitement symptoms in the acute phase of schizophrenia. Fifty-three patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for first-episode schizophrenia and treated with olanzapine monotherapy were evaluated with regard to their clinical improvement, behavioural response to medication, and extrapyramidal side effects using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC), Nursing Assessment of Medication Acceptance (NAMA), and Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS), respectively. Scores of PANSS-EC were significantly reduced after 3 days of olanzapine administration.

Extended spectrum B-lactamase mediated resistance in Escherichia coli in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: ESBL occur mostly in Enterobacteriaceae e.g. Escherichia coli.

Characteristics of sulfobacin A from a soil isolate Chryseobacterium gleum.

A nonmotile, nonspore-forming, Gram-negative, aerobic, small rod-shaped bacterium, isolated from soil, was identified as Chryseobacterium gleum on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. It was observed to grow luxuriously at pH 9 and tolerate highly alkaline environment up to pH 12. Orange red color was a peculiar character of these cells which on purification obtained 60-80 mg/l and found to be sphingosine type of sulfonolipid "sulfobacin A" on the basis of infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a small rural hospital in Kashmir Valley, India.

This study evaluates the feasibility of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in order to reduce the expenditure in a 28-bed sub-district hospital in Kashmir, India. We report on a prospective clinical trail involving patients with gall bladder disease reported to the hospital from June 2005 till May 2007.

OSM-11 facilitates LIN-12 Notch signaling during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development.

Notch signaling is critical for cell fate decisions during development. Caenorhabditis elegans and vertebrate Notch ligands are more diverse than classical Drosophila Notch ligands, suggesting possible functional complexities. Here, we describe a developmental role in Notch signaling for OSM-11, which has been previously implicated in defecation and osmotic resistance in C.

Is intra-operative cholangiography necessary during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A multicentre rural experience from a developing world country.

Aim: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in non-teaching rural hospitals of a developing country without intra-operative cholangiography (IOC). To evaluate the possibility of reduction of costs and hospital stay for patients undergoing LC.

Methods: A prospective analysis of patients with symptomatic benign diseases of gall bladder undergoing LC in three non-teaching rural hospitals of Kashmir Valley from Jan 2001 to Jan 2007.

Polymer microstructured fibers by one-step extrusion.

For the first time to our knowledge, polymer-based microstructured fibers with complex cross-sections are directly produced via melt extrusion. Two principal types of fibers were fabricated: a microstructured fiber of a single polymer with a hexagonal array of air holes and a bicomponent fiber consisting of approximately 60 coaxial rings. From the latter, strong visible iridescence was observed and is shown to exhibit a mechanochromic response.

Primary extrahepatic abdominal hydatidosis.

Introduction: Most of the abdominal hydatid cysts occur in liver. Extrahepatic hydatid cyst is usually secondary to rupture (operative and non-operative) of the hepatic hydatid cyst. Primary extrahepatic hydatid cysts are rare and only a few sporadic cases have been reported.

Natural history of lower urinary tract symptoms: preliminary report from a community-based Indian study.

Objective: To describe the results of an analysis of baseline data from subjects included in the community-screening programme for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the Anand and Kheda district in the Gujarat state of India.

Subjects And Methods: In all, 2406 men aged >40 years were screened in the community in 18 villages. All subjects were given an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) to complete, had a detailed physical examination, uroflowmetry and urine analysis, and were assessed using transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography.

Genetic alterations in cervical cancer.

In the pathogenesis of cervical cancer the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is well established. However, other than HPV infection the genetics of cervical cancer remains poorly understood. In the pathogenesis of cervical cancel three major factors are involved, two of which are related to the presence of HPV and the third is the recurrent genetic alterations not linked to HPV infection.

A prospective randomized comparison of type of nephrostomy drainage following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: large bore versus small bore versus tubeless.

Purpose: We compared postoperative outcomes among tubeless, conventional large bore nephrostomy drainage and small bore nephrostomy drainage following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) in a prospective randomized fashion.

Materials And Methods: Between January and June 2001, 30 patients undergoing PCNL were randomized to receive conventional large bore (20Fr) nephrostomy drainage (group 1, 10 patients), small bore (9Fr) nephrostomy drainage (group 2, 10 patients) or no nephrostomy drainage (group 3, 10 patients). Inclusion criteria included a single subcostal tract, uncomplicated procedure, normal preoperative renal function and complete stone clearance.