Silver nanoparticle toxicity in rainbow trout: insights into physiological and molecular responses.

Metallic nanoparticles, with their large surface area to volume ratio, are increasingly important in various life fields, but they can cause varying toxic effects on fish. This study investigates the toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on rainbow trout (), focusing on hematological, biochemical, antioxidant, and histopathological changes. Fish were exposed to varying concentrations of AgNPs (0.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in people living with HIV in South Sudan.

Objectives: The burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in South Sudan is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies and other diseases of public health importance (strongyloidiasis, toxoplasmosis) in PLHIV in South Sudan during April 1, 2020-April 30, 2022. We used a multiplex SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay to detect IgG antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike, receptor binding domain, and nucelocapsid (N) proteins, and antigens for other pathogens ().

The 2023 South Sudanese outbreak of Hepatitis E emphasizes ongoing circulation of genotype 1 in North, Central, and East Africa.

In April 2023, an outbreak of acute hepatitis was reported amongst internally displaced persons in the Nazareth community of South Sudan. IgM serology-based screening suggested the likely etiologic agent to be Hepatitis E virus (HEV). In this study, plasma specimens collected from anti-HEV IgM-positive cases were subjected to additional RT-qPCR testing and sequencing of extracted nucleic acids, resulting in the recovery of five full and eight partial HEV genomes.

Enhanced mitochondrial fusion during a critical period of synaptic plasticity in adult-born neurons.

Integration of new neurons into adult hippocampal circuits is a process coordinated by local and long-range synaptic inputs. To achieve stable integration and uniquely contribute to hippocampal function, immature neurons are endowed with a critical period of heightened synaptic plasticity, yet it remains unclear which mechanisms sustain this form of plasticity during neuronal maturation. We found that as new neurons enter their critical period, a transient surge in fusion dynamics stabilizes elongated mitochondrial morphologies in dendrites to fuel synaptic plasticity.

Exploring the burden of mixed dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Kashmir, India.

Background: Diabetes-related dyslipidemia is a multifaceted, complicated disorder characterized by an abnormal lipid profile in individuals with diabetes. The incidence of different types of dyslipidemia, however, was not a focus of prior investigations. The patients were characterized into three categories of dyslipidemia.

Effect of Supplementation of Vitamin A on Growth, Haemato-Biochemical Composition, and Antioxidant Ability in var. .

Vitamin A requirement in fingerling common carp, var. (1.64 ± 0.

Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells.

De novo reference intervals (RIs) for a total of thirty two hematological and serum biochemical attributes were established for rainbow trout () cultured in Himalayan aquaculture system. For this purpose, long term assessment of hemato-biochemical parameters was carried over a period of one year from March 2019 to February 2020 and a total of 444 blood samples were analysed. Blood examination results were recorded systematically and reference intervals were established, notably for erythrocyte parameters: hematocrit (Hct) 29-40%, hemoglobin 8.

Anthropogenic activities and geographic locations regulate microbial diversity, community assembly and species sorting in Canadian and Indian freshwater lakes.

Freshwater lakes are important reservoirs and sources of drinking water globally. However, the microbiota, which supports the functionality of these ecosystems is threatened by the influx of nutrients, heavy metals and other toxic chemical substances from anthropogenic activities. The influence of these factors on the diversity, assembly mechanisms and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities in freshwater lakes is not clearly understood.

Metabolic control of adult neural stem cell self-renewal by the mitochondrial protease YME1L.

The transition between quiescence and activation in neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) is coupled with reversible changes in energy metabolism with key implications for lifelong NSPC self-renewal and neurogenesis. How this metabolic plasticity is ensured between NSPC activity states is unclear. We find that a state-specific rewiring of the mitochondrial proteome by the i-AAA peptidase YME1L is required to preserve NSPC self-renewal.

Saffron: A potential drug-supplement for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID) management.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), came as a significant health care challenge for humans in 2019-20. Based on recent laboratory and epidemiological studies, a growing list of mutations in the virus has the potential to enhance its transmission or help it evade the immune response. To further compound the problems, there are considerable challenges to the availability of effective, affordable, safe vaccines on a mass scale.

Next Generation High Throughput Sequencing to Assess Microbial Communities: An Application Based on Water Quality.

Traditional techniques to identify different contaminants (biological or chemical) in the waters are slow, laborious, and can require specialized expertise. Hence, the rapid determination of water quality using more sensitive and reliable metagenomic based approaches attains special importance. Metagenomics deals with the study of genetic material that is recovered from microbial communities present in environmental samples.

Spironolactone-induced XPB degradation requires TFIIH integrity and ubiquitin-selective segregase VCP/p97.

Mineralocorticoid and androgen receptor antagonist, spironolactone, was recently identified as an inhibitor of nucleotide excision repair (NER), acting via induction of proteolysis of TFIIH component Xeroderma Pigmentosum B protein (XPB). This activity provides a strong rationale for repurposing spironolactone for cancer therapy. Here, we report that the spironolactone-induced XPB proteolysis is mediated through ubiquitin-selective segregase, valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97.

Phenotypic Variability and Genetic Diversity of in Quebec and Kashmir Reveal Contrasting Population Structure.

The origin of differences in traits influencing competitive success between invasive and native wild populations of alien species is subject of debate. Herbarium-based information sources from 2005 onwards about nativity and distributional range of were used to survey putative native populations of the species in Quebec, and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) PCR-RFLP analyses identified only one native population, whereas the same analyses revealed that the Kashmir populations are invasive. We compared the native population of in Quebec (QN), ten populations invasive to Quebec (QE), and five populations invasive in Kashmir, India (KE) using morphometric traits.

Differential Bioaccumulation of Select Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Lemna minor.

The capacity of Lemna minor to remediate toxic heavy metals from wastewater is reasonably well documented. In view of the pivotal role of this species in the environmental clean-up, here we evaluated the bioaccumulation potential of L. minor for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) through a controlled experiment.

USP7-mediated deubiquitination differentially regulates CSB but not UVSSA upon UV radiation-induced DNA damage.

Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein participates in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. The stability of CSB is known to be regulated by ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Yet, whether USP7 acts as a deubiquitinating enzyme for CSB is not clear.

Levetiracetam versus phenytoin in children with status epilepticus.

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous levetiracetam and phenytoin in status epilepticus.

Methodology: A prospective, randomized controlled, nonblinded study was conducted in children 1 month to 12 years of age with active seizure and with status epilepticus. A total of 104 children were randomly allocated to either group 1 (levetiracetam) or group 2 (phenytoin) on the basis of computer-generated random number table.

Loss of the mitochondrial -AAA protease YME1L leads to ocular dysfunction and spinal axonopathy.

Disturbances in the morphology and function of mitochondria cause neurological diseases, which can affect the central and peripheral nervous system. The -AAA protease YME1L ensures mitochondrial proteostasis and regulates mitochondrial dynamics by processing of the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1. Mutations in cause a multi-systemic mitochondriopathy associated with neurological dysfunction and mitochondrial fragmentation but pathogenic mechanisms remained enigmatic.

Anterior mediastinal neurofibrosarcoma-a rare manifestation of neurofibromatosis type-1.

Anterior mediastinal neurofibroma and neurofibrosarcoma form a rare class of tumors seen in patients of neurofibromatosis. We describe a case of anterior mediastinal neurofibrosarcoma in a known case of neurofibromatosis type-1.

Assessment of Likelihood Ratio for Four Contact Dermatitis Symptoms of Vinca Minor.

Background: Contact dermatitis (CD) is a frequently occurring medical condition, for which (VM) is one of the recommended homeopathic medicines. However, the symptoms indicating this medicine have not yet been assessed systematically. Likelihood ratio (LR), based on Bayesian statistics, may yield better estimation of a medicine's indication than the existing method of entry of symptoms into materia medica and repertories.