Management of post-radiation carotid blowout syndrome in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review.

Background And Purpose: Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), especially with a history of radiotherapy. This study aimed to review and initially compare managements for post-radiation CBS in patients with HNC.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review of published studies was performed.

Lingual Denervation Improves the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Downregulating TGFβ Signaling.

Purpose: Intratumoral nerve infiltration relates to tumor progression and poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). How neural involvement regulates antitumor immunity has not been well characterized. This study aims to investigate molecular mechanisms of regulating tumor aggressiveness and impairing antitumor immunity by nerve-derived factors.

Melatonin and erastin emerge synergistic anti-tumor effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma by inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and inhibiting autophagy through promoting ROS.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinomas are one of the most common cancers worldwide with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer and cause various types of regulated cell death (RCD). Inducing the RCD pathway by modulating ROS levels is imperative to conquer cancers.

Tumor-associated macrophages facilitate oral squamous cell carcinomas migration and invasion by MIF/NLRP3/IL-1β circuit: A crosstalk interrupted by melatonin.

Invasion and migration are significant challenges for treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) interact with cancer cells and are involved in tumor progression. Our recent study demonstrated that melatonin inhibits OSCC invasion and migration; however, the mechanism by which melatonin influences crosstalk between TAMs and OSCCs is poorly understood.

The effect of drug holiday on preventing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporotic rat model.

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication associated with antiresorptive medications managing osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonates (BPs). To date, there is very limited evidence from prospective, controlled studies to support or refute the controversial prevention regimen that if a discontinuation of BPs before dentoalveolar surgery, so called "drug holiday", is effective in reducing the risk of MRONJ development in patients with osteoporosis. We proposed an experimental animal study, aiming to investigate the prevention of MRONJ following tooth extractions in osteoporotic condition, with the implementation of a BP drug holiday.

Controlled Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Augments the Coupling of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis for Accelerating Mandibular Defect Repair.

Reconstruction of a mandibular defect is challenging, with high expectations for both functional and esthetic results. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is an essential growth factor in osteogenesis, but the efficacy of the BMP-2-based strategy on the bone regeneration of mandibular defects has not been well-investigated. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of BMP-2 that drives the bone formation in mandibular defects remain to be clarified.

A neural-related gene risk score for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a neural-related gene risk score (NRGRS) for the prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis and explore its predictive value on the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Methods: Based on the transcriptome data of HNSCC patients (n = 546) from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, 37 neural-related hub genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Four genes (ITGA5, PYGM, GNG7 and ATP2A3) were identified to construct NRGRS using Lasso-Cox regression method based on the derivation cohort and validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort (n = 109).

Advanced Hydrogel systems for mandibular reconstruction.

Mandibular defect becomes a prevalent maxillofacial disease resulting in mandibular dysfunctions and huge psychological burdens to the patients. Considering the routine presence of oral contaminations and aesthetic restoration of facial structures, the current clinical treatments are however limited, incapable to reconstruct the structural integrity and regeneration, spurring the need for cost-effective mandibular tissue engineering. Hydrogel systems possess great merit for mandibular reconstruction with precise involvement of cells and bioactive factors.

Biodegradable magnesium implant enhances angiogenesis and alleviates medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats.

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious complication associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications, of which impaired angiogenesis is a key pathological alteration. Since Magnesium (Mg)-based implants possess proangiogenic effects, we hypothesized that the biodegradable Mg implant could alleviate the development of MRONJ via enhancing angiogenesis.

Methods: MRONJ model was established and divided into the Veh ​+ ​Ti group (Vehicle-treated rat, with Titanium (Ti) implant), BP ​+ ​Ti group (Bisphosphonate (BP)-treated rat, with Ti implant), BP ​+ ​Mg group (BP-treated rat, with Mg implant), BP ​+ ​Mg ​+ ​SU5416 group (BP-treated rat, with Mg implant and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 inhibitor), BP ​+ ​Mg ​+ ​BIBN group (BP-treated rat, with Mg implant and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist), and BP ​+ ​Mg ​+ ​SU5416+BIBN group (BP-treated rat, with Mg implant and VEGF receptor-2 inhibitor and CGRP receptor antagonist).

Performance of a simplified scoring system for risk stratification in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening.

Background: Impact and efficiency of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening are most realized in "at-risk" individuals. However, tools that can provide essential knowledge on individuals' risks are not applied in risk-based screening. This study aims to optimize a simplified risk scoring system for risk stratification in organized oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening.

A Comprehensive Approach for Measuring Spatial Deviations of Computer-Assisted Mandibular Reconstruction.

Background: Computer-assisted surgery has become the mainstream in mandibular reconstruction, but the lack of a standard measuring approach for spatial deviations of mandible hinders postoperative verification and the comparison of different subjects. This study aims to set up a comprehensive approach for measuring spatial deviations of computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to extract all measurements for computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction.

Unexpected Change of Surgical Plans and Contingency Strategies in Computer-Assisted Free Flap Jaw Reconstruction: Lessons Learned From 98 Consecutive Cases.

Background: Computer-assisted surgeries (CAS) are increasingly being adopted as the treatment of choice for jaw reconstructions with osseous free flaps. Although unexpected change of surgical plans remains a major concern of CAS, there are few studies focusing on this unfavorable clinical scenario. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of unexpected change of surgical plans and potential influential parameters, and to discuss the contingency strategies.

A Comparative Study on a Novel Fibula Malleolus Cap to Increase the Accuracy of Oncologic Jaw Reconstruction.

Objectives: Although computer-assisted surgery using fibula flap has been widely applied for oncologic jaw reconstruction in recent years, the inaccurate positioning of the fibula harvest guide brings sliding and rotational errors, which leads to compromised accuracy in simultaneous implant placement and dental rehabilitation. This study aimed to develop a novel three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific fibula malleolus cap to increase oncologic reconstruction accuracy.

Methods: In this prospective comparative study with a recent historical control cohort, patients in need of oncologic jaw reconstruction with fibula free flaps were recruited.

The Learning Curve of Computer-Assisted Free Flap Jaw Reconstruction Surgery Using 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Plates: A Cumulative Sum Analysis.

Background: Computer-assisted jaw reconstruction (CAJR) has benefits in reducing operation time and improving reconstruction accuracy, compared to conventional freehand jaw reconstruction. However, no information is available regarding learning curves in CAJR with the use of 3D-printed patient-specific surgical plates (PSSP). The purpose of this study was to assess surgical outcomes and learning curve for the first 58 consecutive CAJR using 3D-printed PSSP performed by a single surgical team in a single institution.

Three-dimensional Printing Technology for Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Flap: From Recipient to Donor Sites.

The deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap is one of the most commonly used vascularized free flaps for jaw reconstruction; however, its clinical application is limited by donor site complications. We aimed to describe a new technique of using 3-dimensionally (3D) printed patient-specific devices for mandibular reconstruction with DCIA flap and simultaneous dental implants, and for donor site restoration after harvesting the DCIA flap. One patient with mandible ameloblastoma underwent mandibular reconstruction using a DCIA flap with the "jaw-in-a-day" approach.

Efficacy of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral cancer diagnosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection from the prevalidation studies available.

Materials And Methods: Electronic database searching of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS was conducted to identify relevant articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and August 1, 2020.

Results: Meta-analysis was conducted based on 11 of 20 studies selected for review.

"Three-in-one" patient-specific surgical guides for simultaneous dental implants in fibula flap jaw reconstruction: A prospective case series.

Background: Conventional freehand immediate placement of dental implants is technically challenging in the jaw reconstructive surgery. Computer-aided surgery might be the best solution, however, there has not been any standard approach to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of simultaneous dental implants in fibula flap jaw reconstruction.

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the clinical outcome of simultaneous dental implant in fibula flap using the "three-in-one" patient-specific surgical guide (3-in-1-PSSG) in an open-label, prospective, single-arm, and single-center clinical trial.

Microneedles loaded with anti-PD-1-cisplatin nanoparticles for synergistic cancer immuno-chemotherapy.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) on T-cells combined with programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) critically accounts for tumor immune evasion. Anti-PD-1 (aPD-1) blocks the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1, thus allowing T-cell activation for tumor cell eradication. Currently, the major challenges for cancer immunotherapy are how to improve the response rate and overcome drug resistance.

Three-Dimensionally Printed Patient-Specific Surgical Plates Increase Accuracy of Oncologic Head and Neck Reconstruction Versus Conventional Surgical Plates: A Comparative Study.

Background: Surgeons are pursuing accurate head and neck reconstruction to enhance aesthetic and functional outcomes after oncologic resection. This study aimed to investigate whether accuracy of head and neck reconstruction is improved with the use of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed patient-specific surgical plates compared with conventional plates.

Methods: In this comparative study, patients were prospectively recruited into the study group (3DJP16) with 3D-printed patient-specific surgical plates.

Computer-Assisted versus Conventional Freehand Mandibular Reconstruction with Fibula Free Flap: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction facilitates preoperative surgery simulation and transfers the virtual plan to a real operation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the accuracy, efficiency, postoperative complications, and economic viability between computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction and conventional freehand mandibular reconstruction.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to November of 2018.

Role of Salivary Duct Morphology in the Etiology of Chronic Obstructive Parotitis: Statistical Analysis of Sialographic Features and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Salivary Flow.

Purpose: The causes of some cases of chronic obstructive parotitis (COP) without obstructive factors are still unclear. The authors hypothesized that some morphologic features of salivary ducts might contribute to the development of COP. This study investigated the role of salivary duct morphology in the etiology of COP.

Detection of salivary protein biomarkers of saliva secretion disorder in a primary Sjögren syndrome murine model.

Saliva secretion disorder is one of the most common symptoms in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). Salivary biomarkers related to saliva secretion disorder were identified in a pSS murine model, NOD/ShiLtJ mouse, using differential proteomic analysis. Candidate biomarkers were screened with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and validated in saliva and salivary glands by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Clinical and Imaging Findings of Temporomandibular Joint Synovial Chondromatosis: An Analysis of 10 Cases and Literature Review.

Purpose: This study investigated clinical and imaging features of synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) for use in clinical applications.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed clinical data from 10 patients with SC of the TMJ in our hospital from 2011 to 2015. We also reviewed and analyzed relevant literature included in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database in the past decade using the search terms "synovial chondromatosis" and "temporomandibular joint.

Role of the Accessory Parotid Gland in the Etiology of Parotitis: Statistical Analysis of Sialographic Features.

This retrospective study aimed to identify if the existence of the accessory parotid gland correlated with the etiology of parotitis. This may aid the development of better treatment strategies in the future. Sialographic features of cases with parotitis and healthy subjects were reviewed.