The Epileptiogenic Modified Therapy: Regulating the Dynamic of Microglia via ROS-Responsive Cascade Nano-Formulation.

Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy presents several challenges, particularly the ineffectiveness of antiseizure medicines (ASMs) in modifying disease. In fact, the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preconditioning with tolerable dose of nitric oxide (NO) can activate neuroprotective mechanisms during latency and enhance tolerance to oxidative stress during seizures. To address this, a ROS-responsive cascade Nano-formulation (RRCN) is developed, which will transform ROS into NO.

Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00031/figure1/v/2024-07-06T104127Z/r/image-tiff Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

Derived from fangchinoline, LYY-35 exhibits an inhibiting effect on human NSCLC cancer A549 cells.

Although fangchinoline has been widely used as an adjunct therapy for a variety of inflammatory and cancerous diseases, its mechanism of action on tumor cells remains unclear. Fangchinoline derivative LYY-35 reduced the number of A549 cells, deformed cell morphology and increased cell debris. Cell viability was significantly reduced, while the same concentration of LYY-35 had little effect on BEAS-2B viability of normal lung epithelial cells.

IRL790 modulated striatal D1 neurons synaptic plasticity ameliorating levodopa-induced dyskinesia in mouse.

Objective: Levodopa (L-dopa) therapy is the principal pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, prolonged use of this drug may result in different involuntary movement symptoms caused by the medication, referred to as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID is associated with changes in synaptic plasticity of the D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) located in the dorsal striatum (dStr).

Roles and interactions of tumor microenvironment components in medulloblastoma with implications for novel therapeutics.

Medulloblastomas, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors, can be classified into the wingless, sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4 subgroups. Among them, the SHH subgroup with the TP53 mutation and group 3 generally present with the worst patient outcomes due to their high rates of recurrence and metastasis. A novel and effective treatment for refractory medulloblastomas is urgently needed.

PCSK5 downregulation promotes the inhibitory effect of andrographolide on glioblastoma through regulating STAT3.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5) is a member of the proprotein convertase (PC) family, which processes immature proteins into functional proteins and plays an important role in the process of cell migration and transformation. Andrographolide is a non-peptide compound with PC inhibition and antitumor activity. Our research aimed to investigate the functional role of PCSK5 downregulation combined with Andro on GBM progression.

The effect of aperiodic components in distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia.

Distinguishing between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents a clinical challenge. Inexpensive and accessible techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) are increasingly being used to address this challenge. In particular, the potential relevance between aperiodic components of EEG activity and these disorders has gained interest as our understanding evolves.

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid fangchinoline derivative HY-2 inhibits breast cancer cells by suppressing BLM DNA helicase.

The high expression of BLM (Bloom syndrome) DNA helicase in tumors involves its strong association with cell expansion. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids own an antitumor property and have developed as candidates for anticancer drugs. This paper aimed to study the antitumor effect of fangchinoline derivative HY-2 by targeting BLM DNA helicase, and then explore its inhibitory mechanism on proliferation of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells.

Electrophysiological characteristics of CM-pf in diagnosis and outcome of patients with disorders of consciousness.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the centromedian-parafascicular complex (CM-pf) has been reported as a potential therapeutic option for disorders of consciousness (DoC). However, the lack of understanding of its electrophysiological characteristics limits the improvement of therapeutic effect.

Objective: To investigate the CM-pf electrophysiological characteristics underlying disorders of consciousness (DoC) and its recovery.

Downregulation of MAL2 inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating β-catenin/c-Myc axis.

Purpose: Myelin and lymphocyte protein 2 (MAL2) is mainly involved in endocytosis under physiological conditions and mediates the transport of materials across the membranes of cell and organelle. It has been reported that MAL2 is significantly upregulated in diverse cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of MAL2 in breast cancer (BC).

Predictive factors for persistent postoperative hydrocephalus in children undergoing surgical resection of periventricular tumors.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the factors predicting persistent hydrocephalus after periventricular tumor resection in children and assess the need and efficacy of perioperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) intervention.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who underwent resection surgery of a periventricular tumor between March 2012 and July 2021 at the Department of Neurosurgery in Zhujiang Hospital of South Medical University. Demographic, radiographic, perioperative, and dispositional data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models.

Eltoprazine modulated gamma oscillations on ameliorating L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in rats.

Aim: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a pervasive neurodegenerative disease, and levodopa (L-dopa) is its preferred treatment. The pathophysiological mechanism of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), the most common complication of long-term L-dopa administration, remains obscure. Accumulated evidence suggests that the dopaminergic as well as non-dopaminergic systems contribute to LID development.

ML216-Induced BLM Helicase Inhibition Sensitizes PCa Cells to the DNA-Crosslinking Agent Cisplatin.

Using standard DNA-damaging medicines with DNA repair inhibitors is a promising anticancer tool to achieve better therapeutic responses and reduce therapy-related side effects. Cell viability assay, neutral comet assay, western blotting (WB), and cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were used to determine the synergistic effect and mechanism of ML216, a Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) helicase inhibitor, and cisplatin (CDDP), a DNA-crosslinking agent, in PCa cells. Based on the online database research, our findings revealed that BLM was substantially expressed in PCa, which is associated with a bad prognosis for PCa patients.

Case Report: Reversible Hyperglycemia Following Rapamycin Treatment for Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma in an Infant.

In this study, atypical choroid plexus papilloma was treated with high-dose rapamycin for 17 days preoperatively in an infant. Rapamycin significantly reduced the blood supply to the tumor while reducing the tumor volume, and most of the tumor was resected successfully. However, the infant developed hyperglycemia related to the rapamycin dose, which was effectively controlled by adjusting the dose and applying insulin.

Identification of PBK as a hub gene and potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in pediatrics. Since the current standard of care for MB consisting of surgery, cranio‑spinal irradiation and chemotherapy often leads to a high morbidity rate, a number of patients suffer from long‑term sequelae following treatment. Targeted therapies hold the promise of being more effective and less toxic.

Astroglial CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Mediate CP 55,940-Induced Conditioned Place Aversion Through Cyclooxygenase-2 Signaling in Mice.

Cannabinoids (CBs), such as phytocannabinoids, synthetic CBs, and endogenous CBs, can be neuroprotective, rewarding, or aversive. The aversive effects of CBs may hinder their medical and recreational applications. It is unknown which type of CB receptors mediates the direct aversive effects of synthetic CB CP 55,940 which is an analog of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive component of marijuana.

An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of PBK in Human Tumors.

PDZ binding kinase (PBK) is a serine/threonine kinase, which belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family. It has been shown to be a critical gene in the regulation of mitosis and tumorigenesis, but the role of PBK in various cancers remains unclear. In this study, we systematically explored the prognostic and predictive value of PBK expression in 33 cancer types.

Molecular Determinants of Medulloblastoma Metastasis and Leptomeningeal Dissemination.

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer in pediatrics consisting of four molecular subgroups, namely wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. One of the biggest challenges in the clinical management of this disease is the leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of tumor cells with high morbidity and mortality. Many molecular regulators to date have been identified to participate in medulloblastoma metastasis.

Dyskinesia is Closely Associated with Synchronization of Theta Oscillatory Activity Between the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata and Motor Cortex in the Off L-dopa State in Rats.

Excessive theta (θ) frequency oscillation and synchronization in the basal ganglia (BG) has been reported in elderly parkinsonian patients and animal models of levodopa (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID), particularly the θ oscillation recorded during periods when L-dopa is withdrawn (the off L-dopa state). To gain insight into processes underlying this activity, we explored the relationship between primary motor cortex (M1) oscillatory activity and BG output in LID. We recorded local field potentials in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and M1 of awake, inattentive resting rats before and after L-dopa priming in Sham control, Parkinson disease model, and LID model groups.

Screening antiproliferative drug for breast cancer from bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine and fangchinoline derivatives by targeting BLM helicase.

Background: The high expression of BLM (Bloom syndrome) helicase in tumors involves its strong association with cell expansion. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids own an antitumor property and have developed as candidates for anticancer drugs. This paper aimed to screen potential antiproliferative small molecules from 12 small molecules (the derivatives of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine and fangchinoline) by targeting BLM helicase.

Application of 3D Printing in the Construction of Burr Hole Ring for Deep Brain Stimulation Implants.

3D printing has been widely applied in the medical field since the 1980s, especially in surgery, such as preoperative simulation, anatomical learning and surgical training. This raises the possibility of using 3D printing to construct a neurosurgical implant. Our previous works took the construction of the burr hole ring as an example, described the process of using softwares like computer aided design (CAD), Pro/Engineer (Pro/E) and 3D printer to construct physical products.

Genomic Characterization of a New HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant Virus Form in Guizhou in Southwest China.

A novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) was isolated from an HIV-positive subject among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guizhou province in Southwest China. Recombinant analyses of the near full-length genome suggested that the strain was composed of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC with one region of CRF07-BC inserted into a CRF01-AE backbone. Further analysis indicated that the CRF01_AE regions of the recombinant were highly clustered together with a subcluster 4 lineage of CRF01_AE, which is exclusively circulating among MSM in China.

Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant Virus Form in Guizhou, China.

We identified a novel CRF01_AE and 07_BC HIV-1 recombinant form in Guizhou province in southwest China. The phylogenetic analysis of the near full-length sequence reveals that it was divided into five segments by four breakpoints, and the CRF01_AE regions of the recombinant were clustered with subcluster 4 lineage of CRF01_AE, which mainly circulated among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. The CRF07_BC regions of the recombinant were clustered with CRF07_BC lineage, which circulated among Chinese MSM.

Eltoprazine prevents levodopa-induced dyskinesias by reducing causal interactions for theta oscillations in the dorsolateral striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulate.

Oscillatory activities within basal ganglia (BG) circuitry in L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID), a condition that occurs in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), are not well understood. The aims of this study were firstly to investigate oscillations in main BG input and output structures-the dorsolateral striatum (dStr) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), respectively- including the direction of oscillation information flow, and secondly to investigate the effects of 5-HT1A/B receptor agonism with eltoprazine on oscillatory activities and abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) characteristic. To this end, we conducted local field potential (LFP) electrophysiology in the dStr and SNr of LID rats simultaneous with AIM scoring.