Effects of Thermally-Oxidized Frying Oils (Corn Oil and Lard) on Gut Microbiota in Hamsters.

Repeated reuse of frying oil raises health concerns due to the accumulation of oxidative products after each frying cycle. Gut microbiota is integral in lipid metabolism and immune regulation. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of thermally-oxidized corn oil and lard on gut microbiota in relation to atherosclerosis, inflammatory cytokines, and plasma lipids.

Effects of hawthorn seed oil on plasma cholesterol and gut microbiota.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia and gut microbiota dysbiosis are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hawthorn fruits has shown to be cardioprotective and hypocholesterolemic. However, no studies to date have studied the biological activity of hawthorn seed oil (HSO).

Peony seed oil decreases plasma cholesterol and favorably modulates gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic hamsters.

Purpose: Peony (Paeonia spp.) seed oil (PSO) contains a high amount of α-linolenic acid. The effects of PSO on hypercholesterolemia and gut microbiota remains unclear.

Cholesterol-lowering activity of protocatechuic acid is mediated by increasing the excretion of bile acids and modulating gut microbiota and producing short-chain fatty acids.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on plasma lipid profiles and associated mechanisms with a focus on reshaping gut microbiota. Twenty-four male hamsters were randomly divided into three groups receiving a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and two HCD diets containing 0.5% (PL) and 1% (PH) PCA, respectively.

Rutin and Quercetin Decrease Cholesterol in HepG2 Cells but Not Plasma Cholesterol in Hamsters by Oral Administration.

Rutin (R) and quercetin (Q) are two widespread dietary flavonoids. Previous studies regarding the plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of R and Q generated inconsistent results. The present study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of R and Q on cholesterol metabolism in both HepG2 cells and hypercholesterolemia hamsters.

Hawthorn fruit extract reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-exacerbated atherogenesis in mice via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.

Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Consumption of hawthorn fruit is believed to be cardio-protective, yet whether it is able to suppress the TMAO-induced atherosclerosis remains unexplored. The present study was to investigate the effects of hawthorn fruit extract (HFE) on TMAO-exacerbated atherogenesis.

Blueberry and cranberry anthocyanin extracts reduce bodyweight and modulate gut microbiota in C57BL/6 J mice fed with a high-fat diet.

Purpose: Blueberry and cranberry are rich in anthocyanins. The present study was to investigate the effects of anthocyanin extracts from blueberry and cranberry on body weight and gut microbiota.

Methods: C57BL/6 J Mice were divided into six groups (n = 9 each) fed one of six diets namely low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with the addition of 1% blueberry extract (BL), 2% blueberry extract (BH), 1% cranberry extract (CL), and 2% cranberry extract (CH), respectively.

Ursolic acid alleviates hypercholesterolemia and modulates the gut microbiota in hamsters.

Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid acid widely abundant in fruits and vegetables such as apple, blueberry and cranberry. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of UA supplementation in diet on blood cholesterol, intestinal cholesterol absorption and gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. A total of thirty-two hamsters were randomly assigned to four groups and given a non-cholesterol diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol diet containing 0.

Vinegars but not acetic acid are effective in reducing plasma cholesterol in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol diet.

The present study compares the effect of two types of vinegars, Balsamic vinegar of Modena (BV) and Chinese Shanxi vinegar (SV), with acetic acid on plasma cholesterol using hamsters as a model. Hamsters (n = 40) were divided into five groups (n = 8 each) with two control groups being fed a low-cholesterol diet (LCD) or a high-cholesterol diet containing 0.2% cholesterol (HCD).

Wild Melon Seed Oil Reduces Plasma Cholesterol and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters.

Wild melon ( var. agrestis) seed oil (CO) contains 71.3% polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Fish Oil Is More Potent than Flaxseed Oil in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Reducing Trimethylamine--oxide-Exacerbated Atherogenesis.

Trimethylamine--oxide (TMAO) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. We compared the potency of fish oil with flaxseed oil in reducing TMAO-exacerbated atherogenesis. Five groups of ApoE mice were given one of five diets, namely, a low-fat diet, a Western high fat diet (WD), a WD plus 0.

Plasma Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Soybean Germ Phytosterols.

Soybean germ phytosterols (SGP) largely exist in soybean germ oil. Our previous study demonstrated that soybean germ oil was effective in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, it remains unknown if its phytosterols are the active ingredients responsible for the plasma cholesterol-lowering activity.

Sea buckthorn seed oil reduces blood cholesterol and modulates gut microbiota.

Sea buckthorn seed oil (SBSO) has been used as a functional food in the prevention of heart diseases. The present study investigates the effects of SBSO on blood cholesterol and the gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemia hamsters. Four groups of hamsters (n = 8 each) were given one of four diets, namely a non-cholesterol control diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol control diet (HCD) containing 0.

Beneficial effects of tea water extracts on the body weight and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet.

Accumulative evidence has suggested that tea consumption has benefits in reducing body fat and alleviating metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that benefits of tea consumption can be partially mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota via inhibiting the formation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and promoting the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat diet with the addition of 1% water extracts of green tea, oolong tea and black tea.

Soybean germ oil reduces blood cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption and enhancing bile acid excretion.

Health benefits of soybean germ oil have not yet been fully explored. The present study examined the blood cholesterol-lowering activity of soybean germ oil and the underlying mechanisms in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Forty hamsters were randomly assigned into five groups and fed a non-cholesterol diet, a high cholesterol diet and one of three high cholesterol diets containing 0.

Dose-Dependent Increases in Liver Cholesterol but Not Plasma Cholesterol from Consumption of One to Five Whole Eggs and No Effects from Egg Whites on Liver or Plasma Cholesterol in Hamsters.

The dose-dependent effect of egg consumption on plasma cholesterol in humans remains inconclusive. It is unknown if egg white consumed in a normal amount can reduce plasma cholesterol. We used hamsters as a model to (i) investigate the dose-dependent effect of consuming zero to five whole eggs on plasma total cholesterol (TC) and (ii) examine if egg white, equivalent to one to five eggs, possessed any reducing effects on plasma TC.

Structure-Specific Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Plasma Cholesterol Concentration in Male Syrian Hamsters.

Previous studies have shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are capable of decreasing plasma cholesterol. However, the relative plasma-cholesterol-lowering activity of individual SCFAs and the underlying mechanisms by which SCFAs decrease plasma cholesterol remain largely unknown. The present study was done to compare the plasma-cholesterol-lowering potencies of four common SCFAs with 2-5 carbons and to investigate their interactions with gene expressions of key regulatory factors involved in cholesterol metabolism.

Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Tartary Buckwheat Protein.

Previous research has shown that Tartary buckwheat flour is capable of reducing plasma cholesterol. The present study was to examine the effect of rutin and Tartary buckwheat protein on plasma total cholesterol (TC) in hypercholesterolemia hamsters. In the first animal experiment, 40 male hamsters were divided into four groups fed either the control diet or one of the three experimental diets containing 8.

Physicochemical Changes and Glycation Reaction in Intermediate-Moisture Protein-Sugar Foods with and without Addition of Resveratrol during Storage.

An intermediate-moisture food (IMF) model consisting of whey protein isolate and glucose and an IMF model fortified with resveratrol were used to study the effect of resveratrol on physicochemical changes and glycation of protein-sugar-rich foods during storage. The water activity (aw) of the storage was controlled at 0.75 or 0.

Antibacterial Constituents of Hainan Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Leaves.

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is an edible and medicinal plant distributed in Hainan, China. The antibacterial activities of the extracts of water (WE), petroleum ether (PEE), ethyl acetate (EAE), chloroform (CE), and n-butanol (BE) were assayed by the disk diffusion method.