Hepatitis B prevalence and treatment needs among Tibetan refugees residing in India.

Untreated chronic hepatitis B can lead to liver failure and/or liver cancer. These complications can be avoided through prevention with vaccination or treatment of disease. To inform health policy for the Tibetan community in India, we conducted study of hepatitis B prevalence and treatment needs.

Inadvertent advancement of guide wire across the knee caused by incarcerated bone fragment at the nail tip during femoral nailing.

Fracture of femoral shaft in adults is common and mostly managed with intramedullary interlocking nails. Complications during closed intramedullary femoral nailing are uncommon, and mostly of them are caused by technical reasons. We describe a case of closed nailing for a femoral shaft fracture in which a jammed intramedullary guide wire, due to an incarcerated bone fragment at the nail tip, was inadvertently advanced across the knee.

Common peroneal nerve palsy secondary to peroneus longus abscess: case report.

Muscle abscess presenting as nerve palsy is rare and has not been previously reported in the common peroneal nerve (CPN). The objective of this case report is to describe the diagnosis and treatment of an uncommon presentation of peroneal abscess in the leg of an otherwise healthy man. We present a case of CPN palsy in a 50-year-old immunocompetent man with no other comorbid medical condition secondary to peroneus longus abscess.

Use of technetium(99m)-ciprofloxacin scan in Pott's spine to assess the disease activity.

Purpose: The World Health Organisation has declared tuberculosis (TB) a global emergency and spinal tuberculosis is one of the most common forms. There is still controversy regarding optimum duration of treatment in osteoarticular tuberculosis due to the lack of well-defined criteria for the end point of treatment. Emergence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis, primarily due to use of poor drug regimens, further illustrates the need of newer and more effective diagnostic methods, particularly in developing countries.

Trans-scaphoid transcapitate transhamate fracture of the wrist: case report.

We describe a new pattern of upper limb injury: a combination of fractures of both radius and ulna, with a rare type of trans-scaphoid transcapitate transhamate greater arc injury of the wrist and fractures of metacarpals, managed successfully.

Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny.

Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution.