Detoxification modification of coal-tar pitch by ultraviolet & microwave radiation-enhanced chemical reaction and toxicity evaluation by chemical index and cytotoxicity assay in vitro.

Although coal tar pitch (CTP) has a large yield in China, its large-scale and effective utilization is significantly hindered because of existing and possibly releasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Therefore, it is an imminent problem how to prepare an environmentally friendly CTP by detoxification modification. In the investigation, a typical CTP was subjected to structural characterization via solid-state C NMR and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, which confirmed the existence of dominant PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene, as well as benzo[a]pyrene, and few heterocyclic compounds.

Rapid analysis of carboxylic acids and esters with a direct analysis in real time ion source.

Rationale: Coal oxidation produces carboxylic acids (CAs), including aliphatic acids, benzoic acids, and benzenepolycarboxylic acids, which are important fine chemicals which could be used to understand the structural features of coals. However, detecting CAs usually presents great challenges due to extremely troublesome pretreatments. Therefore, it is essential to develop an analytical method for the rapid detection of CAs from coal oxidation.

Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon prepared from coal gasification tar residue.

Coal gasification tar residue (CGTR) is a kind of environmentally hazardous byproduct generated in fixed-bed coal gasification process. The CGTR extracted by ethyl acetate was used to prepare powdered activated carbon (PAC), which is applied later for adsorption of phenol. The results showed that the PAC prepared under optimum conditions had enormous mesoporous structure, and the iodine number reached 2030.

[The application of the reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technology in the design of respiratory masks].

The application of the reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technologies in the design of respiratory masks is introduced in this paper. Practice indicates that the technologies can reduce the cost and save the time in product developments.