Granulomatous secondary syphilis - 2 case reports and review of the literature.

Granulomatous inflammation is usually described in association with tertiary syphilis up till recent years where there are emerging cases reporting its presence in secondary syphilis. Herein we present two patients who presented with erythematous infiltrated papules and nodules and were eventually diagnosed with granulomatous secondary syphilis, with clearance of their rashes after treatment. In this article, we highlight the important clues that point clinicians and histopathologists towards the diagnosis of syphilis compared to other similar differentials such as leprosy in reaction, cutaneous histiocytosis and lymphoma.

Prognosis prediction and risk stratification of breast cancer patients based on a mitochondria-related gene signature.

As the malignancy with the highest global incidence, breast cancer represents a significant threat to women's health. Recent advances have shed light on the importance of mitochondrial function in cancer, particularly in metabolic reprogramming within tumors. Recognizing this, we developed a novel risk signature based on mitochondrial-related genes to improve prognosis prediction and risk stratification in breast cancer patients.

Differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis between breast neuroendocrine carcinoma and breast invasive ductal carcinoma: A multicentre population-based study from China.

Aim: We constructed a multicentre cohort in China to analyse the differences in clinical characteristics, treatment strategies and prognoses between breast neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast.

Methods: All patients with early-stage breast cancer who attended three hospitals in Beijing from 2000 to 2018 were included in the study. We used propensity score matching to make a 1:3 match between NEC and IDC.

Prognostic factors and adjuvant systemic therapy for patients with HER2-positive T1N0 breast cancer: evidence from a real-world study with long-term follow-up.

Purpose: The optimal adjuvant systemic treatment and potential prognostic factors for patients with T1N0 HER2-positive breast cancer are still unclear. We conducted a real-world study in this relatively low-risk population to identify the clinical-pathological factors of potential prognostic value and to compare the efficacy of different adjuvant strategies.

Methods: We included patients with HER2-positive T1N0 breast cancer of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) histology treated at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from April 2010 to April 2017.

Prognostic factors of primary neuroendocrine breast cancer: A population-based study.

Background: Primary neuroendocrine breast carcinomas (NEBCs) are an extremely rare and underrecognized subtype of mammalian carcinoma. The prognostic factors for NEBCs remain controversial.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, the prognostic factors for patients with primary NEBCs who underwent surgery and had a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma in China and the United States were examined.

Miliarial gout: Clinical case and a brief review.

Miliarial gout is a rare clinical variant of chronic tophaceous gout characterised by tiny milia-like papules containing chalky tophaceous material. In this report, we present a case of miliarial gout in a patient with known history of gouty arthritis and review the reported cases of miliarial gout in the literature to discuss its characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

Synaptic mechanisms for motor variability in a feedforward network.

Behavioral variability often arises from variable activity in the behavior-generating neural network. The synaptic mechanisms underlying this variability are poorly understood. We show that synaptic noise, in conjunction with weak feedforward excitation, generates variable motor output in the feeding system.

Evaluation of a beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I triple-negative breast cancer: a population-based study using the SEER 18 database.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on improving the prognosis of patients with stage I triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods: TNBC patients diagnosed in the SEER 18 database from 2010 to 2015 were included. Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests were used to compare the differences in breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) between subgroups of variables.

Screening-based and Risk-based Strategy for the Prevention of Early-onset Group B Streptococcus/Non-group B Streptococcus Sepsis in the Neonate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Screening-based and risk-based strategies are the 2 strategies for preventing group B streptococcus (GBS) diseases in neonates. We aimed to compare the effects of these 2 strategies in reducing the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis (GBS-EOS) and their effects on the incidence of non-GBS sepsis.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for the period from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2018.

A rare case of acral persistent papular mucinosis.

In patients with asymptomatic papules of hands and feet, a clinical differential of acral persistent papular mucinosis should be thought of.

Should we biopsy melanonychia striata in Asian children? A retrospective observational study.

Background And Objectives: Melanonychia striata is common in children of darker-skinned Asian races, while subungual melanoma is extremely rare and it is difficult to make a diagnosis clinically. However, performing nail unit biopsies in children is particularly challenging and can result in permanent nail dystrophy. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and histologic characteristics of melanonychia striata in pediatric patients of Asian descent to aid in the clinical decision regarding nail biopsy.

Aplysia allatotropin-related peptide and its newly identified d-amino acid-containing epimer both activate a receptor and a neuronal target.

l- to d-residue isomerization is a post-translational modification (PTM) present in neuropeptides, peptide hormones, and peptide toxins from several animals. In most cases, the d-residue is critical for the biological function of the resulting d-amino acid-containing peptide (DAACP). Here, we provide an example in native neuropeptides in which the DAACP and its all-l-amino acid epimer are both active at their newly identified receptor and at a neuronal target associated with feeding behavior.

Newly Identified Aplysia SPTR-Gene Family-Derived Peptides: Localization and Function.

When individual neurons in a circuit contain multiple neuropeptides, these peptides can target different sets of follower neurons. This endows the circuit with a certain degree of flexibility. Here we identified a novel family of peptides, the Aplysia SPTR-Gene Family-Derived peptides (apSPTR-GF-DPs).

Molecular and Physiological Characterization of a Receptor for d-Amino Acid-Containing Neuropeptides.

Neuropeptides in several animals undergo an unusual post-translational modification, the isomerization of an amino acid residue from the l-stereoisomer to the d-stereoisomer. The resulting d-amino acid-containing peptide (DAACP) often displays biological activity higher than that of its all-l-residue analogue, with the d-residue being critical for function in many cases. However, little is known about the full physiological roles played by DAACPs, and few studies have examined the interaction of DAACPs with their cognate receptors.

Discovery of leucokinin-like neuropeptides that modulate a specific parameter of feeding motor programs in the molluscan model, .

A better understanding of neuromodulation in a behavioral system requires identification of active modulatory transmitters. Here, we used identifiable neurons in a neurobiological model system, the mollusc , to study neuropeptides, a diverse class of neuromodulators. We took advantage of two types of feeding neurons, B48 and B1/B2, in the buccal ganglion that might contain different neuropeptides.