miR-34a carried by adipocyte exosomes inhibits the polarization of M1 macrophages in mouse osteolysis model.

Objective: After bone prosthesis replacement, M1-type macrophage polarization can be induced by titanium (Ti) particles and produce inflammatory, leading to osteolysis. Adipocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) exert immune-modulatory impact on the macrophage, while whether it can inhibit the macrophage polarization induced by Ti is unclear. This study focuses on the M1-type macrophage and aims to determine the effect of ADEs on Ti-induced M1-type macrophage polarization in osteolytic mice and the involved mechanism.

Over-expression of miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p promotes the osteoblast differentiation by targeting GATA4.

Objective: To investigate the role of miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p in osteoblast differentiation in particulate-induced osteolysis.

Methods: A mouse model of osteolysis and an in vitro osteolysis model were constructed. The expressions of molecules were detected using qRT-PCR and western blot.

NF-κB/let-7f-5p/IL-10 pathway involves in wear particle-induced osteolysis by inducing M1 macrophage polarization.

NF-κB signaling pathway shows significant influence on wear particle-induced osteolysis, and this study aims to explore the underlying mechanism and the role of let-7f-5p in this process. A mouse calvarial osteolysis model was constructed with PMMA particles, and the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from the osteolysis area. The expression of miRNA and protein was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively.

Structural elucidation of Eucalyptus lignin and its dynamic changes in the cell walls during an integrated process of ionic liquids and successive alkali treatments.

An integrated process based on ionic liquids ([Bmim]Cl and [Bmim]OAc) pretreatment and successive alkali post-treatments (0.5, 2.0, and 4.

Evaluation of the two-step treatment with ionic liquids and alkali for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus: chemical and anatomical changes.

Background: The biomass recalcitrance resulting from its chemical compositions and physical structures impedes the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. Pretreatment is a necessary procedure to increase the cellulase accessibility for bioconversion of lignocelluloses into bioethanol. Alternatively, ionic liquids, a series of promising solvents, provide unique opportunities for pretreating a wide range of lignocellulosic materials.