[A comparative study of phenoloxidase activity between and ].

Objective: To study the differences of the phenoloxidase (PO) relative activity among ribbed shelled , smooth shelled and .

Methods: The crude PO fluid was extracted from the soft tissue of and by homogenation and centrifugation. The PO activity was detected with catechol as the substrate in the reaction systems.

Regulation of a lymphocyte-endothelial-IL-6 trans-signaling axis by fever-range thermal stress: hot spot of immune surveillance.

The pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), has emerged in recent years as a key regulator of the transition from innate to adaptive immunity through its ability to modulate leukocyte recruitment at inflammatory sites. This review highlights a newly identified role for IL-6 trans-signaling, initiated by an agonistic complex of IL-6 and a soluble form of IL-6 receptor alpha, in heightening immune surveillance of peripheral lymphoid organs during febrile inflammatory responses. Inflammatory cues provided by the thermal component of fever trigger IL-6 trans-signaling to act at discrete levels in the multistep adhesion cascade that governs the entry of blood-borne lymphocytes across 'gatekeeper' high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and Peyer patches.