Recombinant IL-34 alleviates bacterial enteritis in Megalobrama amblycephala by strengthening the intestinal barrier.

The potential role of interleukin-34 (IL-34), an important cytokine that regulates intestinal function in mammals, is currently being explored in the context of fish intestinal diseases. In this study, we assessed the preventive potential of recombinant Megalobrama amblycephala IL-34 (rMaIL-34) protein in bacterial enteritis. MaIL-34 exhibited conserved structural and evolutionary features with teleost IL-34 and was found to be involved in the intestinal immune response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

IL-22 attenuates induced inflammation, apoptosis and tissue injury by regulating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome axis.

Mammalian interleukin-22 (IL-22) attenuates organismal injury by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impeding the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, the role of fish IL-22 in this process remains unclear. We characterized MaIL-22, an IL-22 homolog in blunt snout bream ().

Prospective study of dual-phase Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT nomogram for differentiating non-small cell lung cancer from benign pulmonary lesions.

Objectives: To establish and validate a technetium sestamibi (Tc-MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) nomogram for predicting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Comparing the diagnostic performance of early and delayed SPECT/CT nomogram, and compare the diagnostic performance of SPECT/CT radiomics models with single SPECT and CT radiomics models.

Methods: This prospective study included 119 lesions (NSCLC: n = 92, benign pulmonary lesions: n = 27) from 103 patients (mean age: 59.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem supply service intensity in China: Patterns, drivers, and implications for sustainable development.

With the steady development of global economy and the rapid increase of population, it is of great significance to quantify the supply capacity of ecosystem services and reveal its driving factors for sustainable development. We quantify the ecosystem supply service intensity (ESSI) using multiple sources of natural and cultural data from 2000 to 2020. We then jointly analyze this data with the information entropy of the land to obtain the temporal and spatial evolution law of ESSI under multiple scales in China.

IL-6 Mutation Attenuates Liver Injury Caused by Infection by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a crucial role in acute stress induced by bacterial infection and is strongly associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the role of IL-6 in the liver of fish after infection remains unclear. Therefore, this study constructed a zebrafish () knockout line by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the function of IL-6 in the liver post bacterial infection.

A fluorescence-based assay for Trichomonas vaginalis drug screening.

Background: The emergence and spread of drug resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis parasites has become an important concern in trichomoniasis treatment. Fast and reliable growth assessment is critical for validating in vitro drug susceptibility and high-throughput screening of newly developed drugs.

Methods: Modified media without yeast extract were evaluated for their ability to support the growth of T.

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis: A Case Report.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a rare infectious skin disease. This study reported a case of CMC in a child with clinical manifestations of oral mucosal leukoplakia and erythema and crust-like thick scabs on the skin of the face and upper limbs. Microscopic fungal examination revealed a large amount of pseudohyphae, and the fungal culture indicated .

Long noncoding RNA HAND2-AS1: A crucial regulator of malignancy.

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length that have no protein-coding function and have long been considered non-functional by-products of transcription. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs may be involved in the malignant biological behavior of tumors. Targeted regulation of lncRNAs has become a research focus of anti-tumor treatment.

Accretion of the cratonic mantle lithosphere via massive regional relamination.

Continental, orogenic, and oceanic lithospheric mantle embeds sizeable parcels of exotic cratonic lithospheric mantle (CLM) derived from distant, unrelated sources. This hints that CLM recycling into the mantle and its eventual upwelling and relamination at the base of younger plates contribute to the complex structure of the growing lithosphere. Here, we use numerical modeling to investigate the fate and survival of recycled CLM in the ambient mantle and test the viability of CLM relamination under Hadean to present-day mantle temperature conditions and its role in early lithosphere evolution.

Glucometabolic reprogramming: From trigger to therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Glucose, the central macronutrient, releases energy as ATP through carbon bond oxidation and supports various physiological functions of living organisms. Hepatocarcinogenesis relies on the bioenergetic advantage conferred by glucometabolic reprogramming. The exploitation of reformed metabolism induces a uniquely inert environment conducive to survival and renders the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells the extraordinary ability to thrive even in the nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment.

Dietary supplementation with nanoparticle CMCS-20a enhances the resistance to GCRV infection in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Combination of antimicrobial proteins and nanomaterials provides a platform for the development of immunopotentiators. Oral administration of immunopotentiators can significantly enhance the immunity of organisms, which provides ideas for disease prevention. In this study, we confirmed that nanoparticles CMCS-20a can efficiently prevent grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection.

Nonlinear forces in urban thermal environment using Bayesian optimization-based ensemble learning.

Urbanization witnessed unprecedented development globally, which causes citizens and urban temperature to become increasingly intertwined. Although researchers were interested in the field, most studies focused on holistic linear links between the characteristics of the urban built-up environment and temperature. The study used Bayesian optimization ensemble learning and Shapley value to decouple the urban thermal environment by Landsat satellite data.

and Antimalarial Screening and Validation Targeting Plasmepsin V.

Malaria chemotherapy is greatly threatened by the recent emergence and spread of resistance in the parasite against artemisinins and their partner drugs. Therefore, it is an urgent priority to develop new antimalarials. Plasmepsin V (PMV) is regarded as a superior drug target for its essential role in protein export.

The Potential Impact of Food Insecurity in an Urban Trauma Population.

Background: Food insecurity (FI) has been defined as a lack of consistent access to enough food for a healthy active lifestyle. As of 12.7% of the United States are suffering from FI, which has been correlated with increased hospital costs and poorer health outcomes.

Polymorphisms of potential drug resistant molecular markers in Plasmodium vivax from China-Myanmar border during 2008‒2017.

Background: Plasmodium vivax remains the predominant species at the China-Myanmar border, imposing a major challenge to the recent gains in regional malaria elimination. To closely supervise the emerging of drug resistance in this area, we surveyed the variations in genes potentially correlated with drug resistance in P. vivax parasite and the possible drug selection with time.

Oral Administration of Nanopeptide CMCS-20H Conspicuously Boosts Immunity and Precautionary Effect Against Bacterial Infection in Fish.

Massive mortalities caused by bacterial infections in intensive aquaculture result in serious economic losses. In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide gcIFN-20H was efficiently expressed in (GS115) and loaded on carboxylmethyl chitosan (CMCS) to prepare CMCS-20H nanoparticles. Through physical characterization assays (TEM, DLS, BCA, and Raman) and biological activity tests (antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity), CMCS-20H nanopeptide was verified to be spherical nanoparticles with sustained release, antimicrobial activity, and negligible toxicity.

Oral Administration of Subunit Vaccine Significantly Enhances the Immune Protection of Grass Carp against GCRV-II Infection.

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a severe virus that causes great losses to grass carp culture every year, and GCRV-II is the current popular and fatal strain. VP56, fibrin on the outer surface of GCRV-II, mediates cell attachment. In this study, we firstly divided the VP56 gene into four fragments to screen the optimal antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibody methods.

Dialysis Facility Profit Status and Early Steps in Kidney Transplantation in the Southeastern United States.

Background And Objectives: Dialysis facilities in the United States play a key role in access to kidney transplantation. Previous studies reported that patients treated at for-profit facilities are less likely to be waitlisted and receive a transplant, but their effect on early steps in the transplant process is unknown. The study's objective was to determine the association between dialysis facility profit status and critical steps in the transplantation process in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.

Long-term mortality among kidney transplant recipients with and without diabetes: a nationwide cohort study in the USA.

Introduction: Little is known about the role diabetes (type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D)) plays in modifying prognosis among kidney transplant recipients. Here, we compare mortality among transplant recipients with T1D, T2D and non-diabetes-related end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Research Design And Methods: We included 254 188 first-time single kidney transplant recipients aged ≥18 years from the US Renal Data System (2000-2018).

Racial and Ethnic Differences and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Background: Since the introduction of remdesivir and dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 treatment, few large multi-hospital-system US studies have described clinical characteristics and outcomes of minority COVID-19 patients who present to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This cohort study from the Cerner Real World Database (87 US health systems) from 1 December 2019 to 30 September 2020 included PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (Black), Hispanic White (Hispanic), or non-Hispanic White (White). The main outcome was hospitalization among ED patients.

Differences in Outpatient Dermatology Encounter Work Relative Value Units and Net Payments by Patient Race, Sex, and Age.

Importance: Clinical productivity measures may be factors in financial incentives for providing care to specific patient populations and thus may perpetuate inequitable health care.

Objective: To identify the association of patient race, age, and sex with work relative value units (wRVUs) generated by outpatient dermatology encounters.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study obtained demographic and billing data for outpatient dermatology encounters (ie, an encounter performed within a department of dermatology) from September 1, 2016, to March 31, 2020, at the Emory Clinic, an academic dermatologic practice in Atlanta, Georgia.