Decreased stability of soil dissolved organic matter under disturbance of periodic flooding and drying in reservoir drawdown area.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) constitutes the largest active carbon pool on earth, playing a crucial role in numerous biogeochemical processes. Understanding the molecular characteristics and chemical properties of DOM is essential for comprehending the global carbon cycle. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding regarding the influence of periodic flooding and drying, caused by reservoir operations, on the sources, characteristics and stability of soil DOM in the drawdown area, as well as the biotic and abiotic processes regulating DOM changes.

Allosteric genetically encoded biosensor for spatiotemporal monitoring of endogenous RNA dynamics in living cells.

Functions of RNAs are associated with their abundance and unique subcellular localizations. RNA imaging methods for spatiotemporal monitoring of RNA dynamics would facilitate the discovery of unknown functions of RNA, yet improving RNA imaging is challenging because of limitations in methods for directly monitoring native RNA, especially the dynamics of RNA transport and concentration fluctuation. Herein, a label-free and conformation switching-based genetically encoded sensor, termed the Dual-locked RNAtracker (Ducker), that realizes spatiotemporal monitoring of endogenous RNA dynamics in living cells is developed.

Therapeutic effect of dihydroartemisinin on Alzheimer's disease model mice with senile macular degeneration.

Objectives: This study focuses on the preventive and therapeutic effects of Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice and the effects of DHA and donepezil on amyloid β-protein deposition and autophagy in nerve cells.

Methods: Six autophagy related targets were selected for molecular docking with DHA to predict the affinity between DHA and the target. The AD mouse model was established and treated with donepezil and DHA, respectively.

Impact of cascade reservoir on the sources of organic matter in sediments of Lancang river.

The construction of dams to intercept natural rivers constitutes the most severe human activity influencing the underlying surface. This study focuses on four cascade reservoirs of the Lancang River and explores their impact on the migration of organic matter in sediments. The research reveals significant spatial variations in total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen concentrations in the sediments of the four reservoirs.

The speciation and thermal transformation characteristics of fluorine and chlorine in industrial wastes.

The study investigated the chlorine and fluorine contents in three types of industrial solid waste: textile, plastic, and paper waste, utilizing various analytical methods. Significant variations in the proportions of organic and inorganic chlorine were observed among the waste types. During heat treatment, the majority of chlorine converts to a volatile state, with fixed chlorine content showing a correlation with organic chlorine.

Coalescence characteristics of free-living and particle-attached bacteria in a cascade river-reservoir system: A case study of the Jinsha River.

Microbial coalescence plays a crucial role in shaping aquatic ecosystems by facilitating the merging of neighboring microbial communities, thereby influencing ecosystem structure. Although this phenomenon is commonly observed in natural environments, comprehensive quantitative comparative studies on different lifestyle bacteria involved in this process are still lacking. The study focuses on 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) at the Jinsha River hydropower stations (Wudongde [WDD], Baihetan [BHT], Xiluodu [XLD], Xiangjiaba [XJB]), specifically examining free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria.

High Volume Plasma Exchange Improves Survival Rates in Surgical Critically Ill Patients With Medical Jaundice and Hepatic Failure: A Comparative Study.

Objectives: Acute liver failure poses a significant challenge in surgical critically ill patients. Treatments typically focus on physiological support and alleviation of hepatic insult. This study aims to evaluate the role of high-volume plasma exchange (HVPE) in surgical critically ill patients with medical jaundice and hepatic failure.

Implications of comprehensive geriatric assessment and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution types for integrative geriatric care.

Background: Complementary medicine may enhance conventional geriatric care, but clinical guidance for incorporating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapies remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the link between TCM body constitutions and comprehensive geriatric assessment scores in older adults.

Method: This prospective observational study recruited 100 participants aged 65 and older between January 2020 and December 2021.

Piezo1-mediated mechanotransduction enhances macrophage oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake and atherogenesis.

Macrophages in the vascular wall ingest and clear lipids, but abundant lipid accumulation leads to foam cell formation and atherosclerosis, a pathological condition often characterized by tissue stiffening. While the role of biochemical stimuli in the modulation of macrophage function is well studied, the role of biophysical cues and the molecules involved in mechanosensation are less well understood. Here, we use genetic and pharmacological tools to show extracellular oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) stimulate Ca signaling through activation of the mechanically gated ion channel Piezo1.

Elevated reactive aggression in forebrain-specific knockout mice.

Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) is a matricellular protein that plays important roles in connective tissue. CCN2 is also expressed in the nervous system; however, its role is still unclear. To explore CCN2 function in the brain, we generated forebrain-specific knockout (Fb KO) mice.

Deciphering the impact of cascade reservoirs on nitrogen transport and nitrate transformation: Insights from multiple isotope analysis and machine learning.

Construction of cascade reservoirs has altered nutrient dynamics and biogeochemical cycles, thereby influencing the composition and productivity of river ecosystems. The Lancang River (LCR), characterized by its cascade reservoir system, presents uncertainties in nitrogen transport and nitrate transformation mechanisms. Herein, we conducted monthly monitoring of hydrochemistry and multiple stable isotopes (δN-NO, δO-NO, δO-HO, δD-HO) throughout 2019 in both the natural river reach (NRR) and cascade reservoirs reach (CRR) of the LCR.

Divergent contributions of microbes and plants to soil organic carbon in the drawdown area of a large reservoir: Impacts of periodic flooding and drying.

The distribution patterns and accumulation mechanisms of plant and microbial residues, along with their potential contributions to soil organic carbon (SOC), remain subjects of considerable debate, particularly within drawdown areas affected by reservoir operation. In this study, surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from three different elevations within the drawdown area of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Amino sugars and lignin phenols served as biomarkers for microbial residues and plant-derived materials, respectively.

Substrate-directed regioselective alkene functionalizations of ()-β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids.

A carboxylate-directed regioselective Heck-type alkenylation and alkenylative lactonization of ()-β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids by simply substrate control is reported. ()- and ()-alkenyl bromides reacted to give energetically more favorable palladacyles, allowing access to fully stereocontrolled conjugated 1,3-dienes and alkenyled γ-lactones. Mechanistic studies suggest that excellent regioselectivity may be strongly influenced by the steric factors of reactants involved in the palladacycle intermediates.

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Intestines of Infants and Influencing Factors.

The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in the intestines of infants and the factors affecting their distribution. Breast milk and infant stool samples were collected from nine full-term, healthy mother-infant pairs. The bacterial distribution and various types of ARGs present in the samples were analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Separation of Inverse Altermagnetic Spin-Splitting Effect from Inverse Spin Hall Effect in RuO_{2}.

Recently, a significant amount of attention has been attracted toward a third classification of magnetism, altermagnetism, due to the unique physical properties of altermagnetic materials, which are compensated collinear antiferromagnets that host time-reversal symmetry-breaking phenomena like a ferromagnet. In an altermagnetic material, through the nonrelativistic altermagnetic spin-splitting effect (ASSE), a transverse spin current is generated upon charge current injection. However, it is very challenging to experimentally establish the ASSE since it is inevitably mixed with the spin Hall effect due to the relativistic spin-orbit coupling of the material.

appear resistant to trans-synaptic tau propagation.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, prompting extensive efforts to pinpoint novel therapeutic targets for effective intervention. Among the hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease is the development of neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, whose progressive spread throughout the brain is associated with neuronal death. Trans-synaptic propagation of tau has been observed in mouse models, and indirect evidence for tau spread via synapses has been observed in human Alzheimer's disease.

A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of Causing Tea Leaf Spot.

Tea leaf spot caused by is an important disease that threatens the healthy growth of tea plants () and results in reductions in the productivity and quality of tea leaves. Early diagnosis of the disease is particularly important for managing the infection. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is an efficient diagnostic technique with the advantages of simplicity, specificity, and sensitivity.