Chondrocyte Tsc1 controls cranial base bone development by restraining the premature differentiation of synchondroses.

Cranial base bones are formed through endochondral ossification. Synchondroses are growth plates located between cranial base bones that facilitate anterior-posterior growth of the skull. Coordinated proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in cranial base synchondroses is essential for cranial base bone growth.

Mitochondrial proteins in heart failure: The role of deacetylation by SIRT3.

Heart failure (HF) is still the leading cause of death worldwide, occurring with a variety of complex mechanisms. However, most intervention for HF do not directly target the pathological mechanisms underlying cell damage in failing cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are involved in many physiological processes, which is an important guarantee for normal heart function.

Paeoniflorin: A neuroprotective monoterpenoid glycoside with promising anti-depressive properties.

Background: Depression, as a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disease, severely decreases the life quality of individuals and brings heavy burdens to the whole society. Currently, some antidepressants are applied in the treatment of severe depressive symptoms, while there are still some undesirable drawbacks. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpenoid glycoside that was firstly extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall, a traditional Chinese herb that is widely used in the Chinese herbal formulas for treating depression.

Altered Functions of Neutrophils in Two Chinese Patients With Severe Congenital Neutropenia Type 4 Caused by Mutations.

Background: SCN4 is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene. The clinical, molecular, and immunological features; function of neutrophils; and prognosis of patients with SCN4 have not been fully elucidated.

Methods: Two Chinese pediatric patients with mutations were enrolled in this study.

Novel rapid-acting glutamatergic modulators: Targeting the synaptic plasticity in depression.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is severely prevalent, and conventional monoaminergic antidepressants gradually exhibit low therapeutic efficiency, especially for patients with treatment-resistant depression. A neuroplasticity hypothesis is an emerging advancement in the mechanism of depression, mainly expressed in the glutamate system, e.g.

Involvement of ABA Responsive Genes in the Regulation of Trichome Formation in Arabidopsis.

Trichome formation in Arabidopsis is regulated by several key regulators, and plants hormones such as gibberellin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and cytokinins have been shown to regulate trichome formation by affecting the transcription or activities of the key regulators. We report here the identification of two abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes, () and as trichome formation regulator genes in Arabidopsis. The expression levels of and were increased in response to ABA treatment, their expression levels were reduced in the ABA biosynthesis mutant , and they have similar expression pattern.

Galactosylation of rhamnogalacturonan-II for cell wall pectin biosynthesis is critical for root apoplastic iron reallocation in Arabidopsis.

Apoplastic iron (Fe) in roots represents an essential Fe storage pool. Reallocation of apoplastic Fe is of great importance to plants experiencing Fe deprivation, but how this reallocation process is regulated remains elusive, likely because of the highly complex cell wall structure and the limited knowledge about cell wall biosynthesis and modulation. Here, we present genetic and biochemical evidence to demonstrate that the Cdi-mediated galactosylation of rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is required for apoplastic Fe reallocation.

Correlation of 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake on PET/CT with pathologic features of cellular proliferation in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Objective: 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a useful tool for diagnosing and staging neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Unlike other PET tracers like FDG, the meaningfulness and use of standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 68Ga-DOTATATE is not well-established. This study aimed to determine if a correlation exists between intensity of 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake and markers of cellular proliferation.

PIP2, An Auxin Induced Plant Peptide Hormone Regulates Root and Hypocotyl Elongation in .

Auxin is one of the traditional plant hormones, whereas peptide hormones are peptides with hormone activities. Both auxin and plant peptide hormones regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development, and there are cross-talks between auxin and plant peptide hormones. PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDES (PIPs) and PIP-LIKEs (PIPLs) are a new family of plant peptide hormone, and PIPL3/TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2 (TOLS2) has been shown to regulate lateral root formation in .

Conserved and non-conserved functions of the rice homologs of the Arabidopsis trichome initiation-regulating MBW complex proteins.

Background: Trichome initiation in Arabidopsis is regulated by a MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional activator complex formed by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor GLABRA1 (GL1), MYB23 or MYB82, the bHLH transcription factor GLABRA3 (GL3), ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3) or TRANSPARENT TESTA8 (TT8), and the WD40-repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1). However, the functions of the rice homologs of the MBW complex proteins remained uncharacterized.

Results: Based on amino acid sequence identity and similarity, and protein interaction prediction, we identified OsGL1s, OsGL3s and OsTTG1s as rice homologs of the MBW complex proteins.

The Importance of Glycans of Viral and Host Proteins in Enveloped Virus Infection.

Animal viruses are parasites of animal cells that have characteristics such as heredity and replication. Viruses can be divided into non-enveloped and enveloped viruses if a lipid bilayer membrane surrounds them or not. All the membrane proteins of enveloped viruses that function in attachment to target cells or membrane fusion are modified by glycosylation.

A retrospective analysis of the effects of different analgesics on the pain of patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures in the peri-treatment period.

Objective: To analyze and compare the effects of peri-treatment analgesics on acute and chronic pain and postoperative functional recovery of patients with thoracolumbar fractures, so as to guide the clinical drug use.

Methods: Seven hundred nineteen patients with thoracolumbar fractures were collected and divided into acetaminophen dihydrocodeine, celecoxib, and etoricoxib groups. The main indicators were the degree of postoperative pain (visual analog scale (VAS)), the incidence of chronic pain and postoperative functional recovery (Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) and Japanese Orthopedics Association score (JOA)), which were continuously tracked through long-term telephone follow-up.

Prognostic significance of hypertension at the onset of lupus nephritis in Chinese patients: prevalence and clinical outcomes.

The demographic features, and clinical and histological characteristics of lupus nephritis (LN) patients with hypertension in the Chinese population remain unclear. Hence, the clinical characteristics of LN with and without hypertension were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 764 LN patients (53.

Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on the Treatment for Parkinson's Disease with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting in a lower quality of life and cognitive impairment in PD patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas have been widely used in neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychic disorders to improve life quality of patients in ethnomedicine. TCM formulas combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) also have a positive effect on depressed PD compared with SSRIs as reported by several clinical studies.

Abnormal iron status is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Background And Aims: Iron deficiency is prevalent, but there is limited data about the relationship between iron status and poor outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We aimed to investigate the association between iron status and mortality in PD patients.

Methods And Results: This retrospective study was conducted on incident PD patients from January 2006 to December 2016 and followed up until December 2018.

Elevated Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels Are Associated with Mortality in Male Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis.

Background: Elevated levels of serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been previously linked to adverse cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, the clinical significance of serum TMAO levels in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) is unclear.

Methods: A total of 1,032 PD patients with stored serum samples at baseline were enrolled in this prospective study.

Mitophagy, a Form of Selective Autophagy, Plays an Essential Role in Mitochondrial Dynamics of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and affects millions of people. Currently, mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a central role in the pathogenesis of both sporadic and familial forms of PD. Mitophagy, a process that selectively targets damaged or redundant mitochondria to the lysosome for elimination via the autophagy devices, is crucial in preserving mitochondrial health.

The Effect of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

Background: Resistance to antiplatelet therapy, especially aspirin or clopidogrel, triggers other therapies for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a noninvasive, pneumatic technique that provides beneficial effects for patients with CHD. However, the physiological effects of EECP have not been fully studied, and the role of EECP on platelet function remains poorly understood.

The role and research progress of the balance and interaction between regulatory T cells and other immune cells in obesity with insulin resistance.

Metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue plays a major role in obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been recorded to regulate metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue. However, their specific mechanism is not yet known.

Progress of tubulin polymerization activity detection methods.

Tubulin, an important target in tumor therapy, is one of the hotspots in the field of antineoplastic drugs in recent years, and it is of great significance to design and screen new inhibitors for this target. Natural products and chemical synthetic drugs are the main sources of tubulin inhibitors. However, due to the variety of compound structure types, it has always been difficult for researchers to screen out polymerization inhibitors with simple operation, high efficiency and low cost.

Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Henagliflozin, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2, in Healthy Subjects Following Single- and Multiple-dose Administration.

Background: Henagliflozin, a novel selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, is under development as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: To evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of henagliflozin in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Methods: Two clinical studies were conducted.

Separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection improves detection rate of parametrial lymph node metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer: 10-year clinical evaluation in a single center in China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection (LPLND) in improving parametrial lymph node (PLN) and its metastasis detection rate during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.

Methods: From July 2007 to August 2017, 2,695 patients with cervical cancer in stage IB1-IIA2 underwent radical hysterectomy were included. Of these patients, 368 underwent separate dissection of PLNs using the LPLND method, and 2,327 patients underwent conventional radical hysterectomy (CRH).