Electroreductive Cross-Coupling Reactions: Carboxylation, Deuteration, and Alkylation.

ConspectusElectrochemistry has been used as a tool to drive chemical reactions for more than two centuries. With the help of an electrode and a power source, chemists are provided with a system whose potential can be precisely dialed in. The theoretically infinite redox range renders electrochemistry capable of oxidizing or reducing some of the most tenacious compounds.

The two-component system CpxA/CpxR regulates pathogenesis and stress adaptability in the poplar canker bacterium Lonsdalea populi.

Bacteria employ two-component systems (TCSs) to rapidly sense and respond to their surroundings often and during plant infection. Poplar canker caused by Lonsdalea populi is an emerging woody bacterial disease that leads to high mortality and poplar plantation losses in China. Nonetheless, the information about the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis remains scarce.

Deep eutectic solvent-supported poly(vinyl) alcohol electrospun anion-exchange membrane for potential application in alkaline fuel cells.

This research introduces a new method to synthesize poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES)-supported anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline fuel cell (AFC) applications. The fabrication method involved the modification of a PVA-based crosslinked nanofiber mat with DES prepared by mixing choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) in a 1:3 molar ratio. Various concentrations of glutaraldehyde (GA) solution were used to cross-link of the PVA fibers.

Enhanced Chemical Stability of Tetramethylammonium Head Groups via Deep Eutectic Solvent: A Computational Study.

The chemical stability of tetramethylammonium (TMA) head groups, both with and without the presence of a choline chloride and ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvent (DES), was studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. DFT calculations of transition state energetics (ΔEreaction, ΔGreaction, ΔEactivation, and ΔGactivation) for key degradation mechanisms, ylide formation (YF) and nucleophilic substitution (SN2), suggested that the presence of DES enhances the stability of the TMA head groups compared to systems without DES. MD simulations across hydration levels (HLs) 1 to 5 indicated that without DES, YF dominates at lower HLs, while SN2 does not occur.

Benzo(a)anthracene Targeting SLC1A5 to Synergistically Enhance PAH Mixture Toxicity.

Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutants in the environment often occurs in the form of mixtures. Although the mixture effects of PAHs have been previously recognized, the toxicological mechanisms to explain them still remain quite unclear. This study combined metabolomics and chemical proteomics methods to comprehensively understand the mixture effects of a PAH mixture including benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and chrysene (CHR).

Alginate Oligosaccharides Enhance Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function, Alleviating Host Damage Induced by Deoxynivalenol in Mice.

Background: Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) exhibits notable effects in terms of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Deoxynivalenol (DON) has the potential to trigger intestinal inflammation by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, thereby compromising the integrity of the intestinal barrier function and perturbing the balance of the gut microbiota.

Objectives: We assessed the impact of AOS on mitigating DON-induced intestinal damage and systemic inflammation in mice.

Zebrafish Foxl2l functions in proliferating germ cells for female meiotic entry.

Zebrafish sex differentiation is a complicated process and the detailed mechanism has not been fully understood. Here we characterized a transcription factor, Foxl2l, which participates in female oogenesis. We show that it is expressed specifically in proliferating germ cells in juvenile gonads and mature ovaries.

Fusion Dynamics and Size-Dependence of Droplet Microstructure in ssDNA-Mediated Protein Phase Separation.

Biomolecular condensation involving proteins and nucleic acids has been recognized to play crucial roles in genome organization and transcriptional regulation. However, the biophysical mechanisms underlying the droplet fusion dynamics and microstructure evolution during the early stage of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) remain elusive. In this work, we study the phase separation of linker histone H1, which is among the most abundant chromatin proteins, in the presence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) capable of forming a G-quadruplex by using molecular simulations and experimental characterization.

Integrating multiregulatory analysis reveals the negative regulatory function of miR482a in the response of poplar to canker pathogen infection.

Canker disease caused by the bacterium Lonsdalea populi is one of the most destructive diseases affecting poplar stems. However, the detailed stress response mechanisms of poplar have not been widely characterized. To explore the diverse regulatory RNA landscape and the function of key regulators in poplar subjected to L.

MicroRNAs as potent regulators in nitrogen and phosphorus signaling transduction and their applications.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (Pi) are essential macronutrients that affect plant growth and development by influencing the molecular, metabolic, biochemical, and physiological responses at the local and whole levels in plants. N and Pi stresses suppress the physiological activities of plants, resulting in agricultural productivity losses and severely threatening food security. Accordingly, plants have elaborated diverse strategies to cope with N and Pi stresses through maintaining N and Pi homeostasis.

PagTPS1 and PagTPS10, the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase genes, increase trehalose content and enhance drought tolerance.

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes play an active role in the trehalose metabolism pathway that regulates the responses of plants to diverse stresses. However, the functional identification, comparison, and conservatism of TPS genes in the responses of woody plants, especially poplars, to drought stress remain unclear. Here, the trehalose content of 84K (Populus alba × P.

MiRNAs profiles among three poplar varieties provide insights into different molecular responses in resistance to newly emerging bacterial pathogen.

Canker caused by Lonsdalea populi has seriously reduced the economic and ecological benefits of poplar. MicroRNAs play vital roles in the response of plants to biotic stress. However, there is little research about the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs among different tree varieties upon pathogen infection.

Synthesis of Rare Earth Metal Complexes Stabilized by Amine Bridged Bis(phenolato) Ligands and Their Performance in the Polymerization of rac-β-Butyrolactone.

A series of rare earth alkoxides bearing amine-bridged bis(phenolato) ligands were synthesized through sequential reactions of RE(CH)(THF) (RE = Y, Lu) or Nd[N(SiMe)] with bis(phenols) LH and CFCHOH. Complexes REL(OCHCF)(THF) (1-6) bearing different aryl-substituents were obtained in good yields of 59-70 %. They were applied in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-β-butyrolactone (rac-BBL), which showed good activity (TOF up to 27,300 h), resulting in syndiotactically enriched poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) (P up to 0.

Fused Seven-Membered Carbocycle Construction through Electrochemical Relay Cyclization.

Seven-membered carbocycles, which are frequently associated with relevant biological activities, can be found in nature and drugs in ever-increasing numbers. Radical cascade addition of 1,-enynes-like substrates is one of the most important and efficient strategies for the synthesis of this valuable skeleton with structural diversity and complexity. Herein, we describe an electrooxidative radical-mediated synthesis of dibenzocycloheptanes from -ethynyl-substituted biaryls and tertiary C(sp)-H containing reactants.

Response of Elymus nutans Griseb. seedling physiology and endogenous hormones to drought and salt stress.

Elymus nutans Griseb. (E. nutans), a pioneer plant for the restoration of high quality pasture and vegetation, is widely used to establish artificial grasslands and ecologically restore arid and salinized soils.

Dynamic Light Scattering of DNA-Ligand Complexes.

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) enables the characterization of sizes and electrokinetic properties of colloids, polymers, and macromolecules. DNA is a charged semiflexible polyelectrolyte that is condensed or compacted by counterions, proteins, and other condensing agents in processes such as chromosome compaction and gene therapeutic applications. DNA condensation is closely related to charge screening since packaging requires effective neutralization of its surface negative charges.

Atomistic Modeling of Quaternized Chitosan Head Groups: Insights into Chemical Stability and Ion Transport for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications.

The chemical stability and ion transport properties of quaternized chitosan (QCS)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were explored using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. DFT calculations of LUMO energies, reaction energies, and activation energies revealed an increasing stability trend among the head groups: propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (C) < oxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (B) < 2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (A) at hydration levels (HLs) of 0 and 3. Subsequently, all-atom MD simulations evaluated the diffusion of hydroxide ions (OH-) through mean square displacement (MSD) versus time curves.

Development and internal validation of a model for predicting cefoperazone/sulbactam-associated coagulation disorders in Chinese inpatients.

Background And Aim: The use of cefoperazone/sulbactam (CPZ/SAM) could commonly cause vitamin K-dependent coagulation disorders and even hemorrhage sometimes. However, there is a lack of prediction tools estimating the risk for this. This study aimed at developing and internally validating a model for predicting CPZ/SAM-associated coagulation disorders in Chinese inpatients.

miRNAs: Primary modulators of plant drought tolerance.

Drought is a principal environmental factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Accordingly, plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms to cope with adverse environmental conditions. One of the mechanisms is gene regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs).

Changes of cardiac function: cardiac adaptation in patients with hypothyroidism assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance-a meta-analysis.

Objective: The meta-analysis aimed to explore the cardiac adaptation in hypothyroidism patients by cardiac magnetic resonance.

Research Methods And Procedures: Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and Sinomed for clinical studies of hypothyroidism on cardiac function changes. Databases were searched from the earliest data to 15 June 2023.