Population transcriptome reveals genetic divergence and expression diversity of medicinally effective ingredients-related genes for Rheum palmatum complex derived from the top-geoherb area.

The study revealed genetic diversity and moderate differentiation among the R. palmatum complex within the top-geoherb area. RNA-seq-derived SNP datasets hold the potential to trace geographic origins of the core germplasm.

Detection of hypochlorous acid fluctuation via a near-infrared fluorescent probe in Parkinson's disease cells and mouse models.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by excessive reactive halogen species leading to the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which disrupts the coordination of normal physiological structures and functions. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive halogen species whose overproduction is associated with the death of DA neurons. Herein, overproduction of HOCl may be a neurotoxin substance in the pathogenesis of PD.

Comparative studies on microbial transglutaminase, complex phosphate and fructooligosaccharide interacts with myofibrillar proteins: Improvement of the quality and flavor of silver carp surimi.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microbial transglutaminase (MTG), complex phosphate (CP) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) interact with myofibrillar proteins (MPs) on the quality and flavor of silver carp surimi gels. When surimi was added with 0.3 % MTG, 0.

Effect of superheated steam on Maillard reaction products, digestibility, and antioxidant activity in β-Lactoglobulin-glucose system.

This study analyzes the interactions among Maillard reaction products (MRPs), digestibility and antioxidant activity in a β-lactoglobulin-glucose (βlg-Glu) model system during superheated steam treatment at 120 °C for 1 to 5 min. With an increase in treatment duration, there were significant increases in glucose loss, grafting degree, browning, and the formation of intermediate products in βlg-Glu. Characteristic MRPs, including α-dicarbonyl compounds, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), were formed through the degradation of sugars and condensation reactions between carbonyls and amines, accompanied by an increase in oxidative products.

Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Total Glycosides of and Investigation of Novel Brain-Targeting Natural MAO-B Inhibitors.

In this study, we investigated the role of total glycosides of (TC) in MPTP-induced neuronal injury. Further, we screened potential inhibitory components of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). The study results indicate that TC may improve movement disorders and apoptosis of dopamine (DA) neurons by inhibiting MAO-B activity while reducing the number of glial cells, adjusting the metabolism level of monoamine neurotransmitters, and lowering inflammation and oxidative stress levels.

Effect of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization on the structural, emulsifying properties, in vitro digestion and antioxidant activity of whey protein isolate.

The effects of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) on the structural, emulsifying properties, in vitro digestion and antioxidant activity of whey protein isolate (WPI) were investigated. The results demonstrated that WPI treated with 100 MPa DHPM exhibited superior emulsification performance. This can be attributed to the conformational changes induced by 100 MPa DHPM in WPI, leading to a transformation from disordered structures to ordered structures and an increased exposure of fluorophore such as tryptophan residues and hydrophobic groups, reduced aggregation state and particle size of WPI.

Monitoring Glutathione Content of the Endoplasmic Reticulum under Scrap Leather-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe.

Maintaining tissue homeostasis necessitates the coordinated efforts of various cell types to regulate inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a hallmark of inflammation, exacerbates tissue pathology in various human diseases. Glutathione (GSH), a pivotal regulator of cellular redox balance, controls disulfide bond formation in the ER, thereby shielding cells from oxidative stress.

Dynamic high-pressure microfluidization assisted with galactooligosaccharide-modified whey protein isolate: Investigating its effect on relieving intestinal barrier damage.

The study aimed to investigating the mechanisms of relieved intestinal barrier damage by dynamic high-pressure microfluidization assisted with galactooligosaccharide- glycated whey protein isolate. The modifications changed the multi-structure, and the modified whey protein isolate could promote the proliferation of IEC-6 cells and contributed to the restoration of LPS-induced occludin damage in IEC-6 cells. Also, it could repair cyclophosphamide-induced ileal villus rupture and crypt destruction in BALB/c mice, significantly altered the abundance of dominant bacteria, which were associated with propionic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid.

Comparative transcriptome analysis and HPLC reveal candidate genes associated with synthesis of bioactive constituents in complex.

Unlabelled: Content of bioactive constituents is one of the most important characteristics in complex. Increasing ingredient content through genetic breeding is an effective strategy to solve the contradiction between large market demand and resource depletion, but currently hampered by limited understanding of metabolite biosynthesis in rhubarb. In this study, deep transcriptome sequencing was performed to compare roots, stems, and leaves of two species (PL and ZK) that show different levels of anthraquinone contents.

Galacto-oligosaccharides modified whey protein isolate ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.

The effect of whey protein isolate (WPI)- galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)/fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) conjugates on RAW264.7 cells, and further the effect of WPI-GOS conjugates on CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated. Compared to WPI-FOS conjugates, WPI-GOS conjugates exhibited deeper glycation extent, more pronounced structural unfolding and helix-destabilizing, and obviously improved functional indicators of RAW264.

Exploring the evolution of gene family in plants.

Chalcone synthase () is a key enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. It plays a vital role not only in maintaining plant growth and development, but also in regulating plant response to environmental hazards. However, the systematic phylogenomic analysis of gene family in a wide range of plant species has not been reported yet.

Gut Microbiome-Serum Metabolism Revealed the Allergenicity of Ferulic Acid Combined with Glucose-Modified β-Lactoglobulin.

A novel strategy combining ferulic acid and glucose was proposed to reduce β-lactoglobulin (BLG) allergenicity and investigate whether the reduction in allergenicity was associated with gut microbiome and serum metabolism. As a result, the multistructure of BLG changed, and the modified BLG decreased significantly the contents of IgE, IgG, IgG, and mMCP-1 in serum, improved the diversity and structural composition of gut microbiota, and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in allergic mice. Meanwhile, allergic mice induced by BLG affected arachidonic acid, tryptophan, and other metabolic pathways in serum, the modified BLG inhibited the production of metabolites in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and significantly increased tryptophan metabolites, and this contribution helps in reducing BLG allergenicity.

A chromosome-level genome reveals genome evolution and molecular basis of anthraquinone biosynthesis in Rheum palmatum.

Background: Rhubarb is one of common traditional Chinese medicine with a diverse array of therapeutic efficacies. Despite its widespread use, molecular research into rhubarb remains limited, constraining our comprehension of the geoherbalism.

Results: We assembled the genome of Rheum palmatum L.

Influence of disease course and comprehensive management on blood glucose level in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims/introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of glycemic control, and assess the effects of the disease course and comprehensive management measures on the blood glucose level in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: The study collected the clinical data of type 2 diabetes patients in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2015 to September 2020. Patients were grouped based on the disease course to compare their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, islet β-cell function, insulin resistance and comprehensive management measures.

Transcriptomic divergence of the Rheum palmatum complex derived from top-geoherb and non-geoherb areas provides the insights into geoherbalism properties of rhubarb.

Geoherb usually represents high-quality medicinal herbs with better clinical therapeutic effects, and elucidating the geoherbalism is essential for the quality improvement of traditional Chinese Medicine. However, few researches were conducted to clarify the geoherbalism based on a large scale of transcriptomics. In the present study, we compared the transcriptomes of Rheum palmatum complex derived from top-geoherb and non-geoherb areas to show the geoherbalism properties of rhubarb.

The gut-liver axis perspective: Exploring the protective potential of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola against alcoholic liver disease.

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism behind the protective effect of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides (CP) against alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Multiple chromography techniques were employed to characterize CP from polysaccharide, the molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition, isomeric hydrogen and isomeric carbon, in order to clarify the material basis of CP. To create the ALD mouse model, we utilized the well-established Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic liquid feed method.

Nifuroxazide boosts the anticancer efficacy of palbociclib-induced senescence by dual inhibition of STAT3 and CDK2 in triple-negative breast cancer.

Though palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor has been approved for treating breast cancer, two major clinical challenges remain: (i) Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) appears to be more resistant to palbociclib, and (ii) Palbociclib-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has a pro-tumorigenic function. Here we report that combining palbociclib with the STAT3 inhibitor nifuroxazide uncouples SASP production from senescence-associated cell cycle exit. Moreover, we identified nifuroxazide as a CDK2 inhibitor that synergistically promotes palbociclib-induced growth arrest and senescence in TNBC cells.

The decrease of Ara h 2 allergenicity by glycation is determined by reducing sugar chain length and isomers.

The mechanism of the effect of reducing sugar chain length and isomers on the allergenicity of Ara h 2 after glycation was investigated. Ara h 2 was more prone to glycation with ribose which had a short chain length. The glycation sites of Ara h 2 after glycation with galactose were higher than the glycation sites in galactose's isomers-Ara h 2 conjugates, which might be affected by the configuration differences at position C-4 and the small steric effects in terminal groups -CHO of galactose.

Screening of HS donors with a red emission mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe: Toward discovering a new therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by various factors such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that HS supplementation reverses neuronal loss and mitigates motor deficits in PD patients through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, improved mitochondrial function and proautophagic. Therefore, the discovery and use of HS donors may be an exciting and intriguing strategy for the treatment of PD.

Nitrovin (difurazone), an antibacterial growth promoter, induces ROS-mediated paraptosis-like cell death by targeting thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1).

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors in the human brain, with only a few chemotherapeutic drugs available after surgery. Nitrovin (difurazone) is widely used as an antibacterial growth promoter in livestock. Here, we reported that nitrovin might be a potential anticancer lead.

Phylogenomics, phylogeography and germplasms authentication of the Rheum palmatum complex based on complete chloroplast genomes.

As a traditional Chinese medicine, rhubarb is used to treat several diseases such as severe acute pancreatitis, sepsis and chronic renal failure. However, few studies focused on the authentication of germplasm for the Rheum palmatum complex, and no studies have been conducted to elucidate the evolutionary history of the R. palmatum complex using plastome datasets.

Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era.

Globally, medicinal plant natural products (PNPs) are a major source of substances used in traditional and modern medicine. As we human race face the tremendous public health challenge posed by emerging infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and surging drug prices etc., harnessing the healing power of medicinal plants gifted from mother nature is more urgent than ever in helping us survive future challenge in a sustainable way.

A study on the correlation between work stressors and the coping styles of outpatients and emergency nurses in 29 pediatric specialty hospitals across China.

Objective: This study aimed to better understand the current situation involving work stressors and the coping styles of outpatient and emergency nurses in 29 pediatric specialty hospitals across China. The study analyzed this correlation to provide a reference for the occupational stress management of pediatric nurses.

Methods: From June to September 2020, 1,457 outpatient and emergency nurses in 29 pediatric specialty hospitals across China were selected as study participants, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the Basic Information Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Work Stressor Scale for Nurses, and the Simple Coping Style Scale.