Preparation of diacylglycerol by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis in the presence of polar adsorption materials.

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a functional oil used extensively in various industries. Glycerolysis of a natural oil with glycerol was widely employed for DAG preparation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that glycerol in the reaction affects lipase performance.

A systematic review on the acyl migration in enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids: Mechanisms, influencing factors, evaluation methods, and future prospects.

Structured lipids (SLs) are modified triacylglycerols with specific physicochemical or nutritional properties. Acyl migration is a universal chemical phenomenon observed during interesterification, a critical process in the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of SLs. Acyl migration causes shifts in the positional composition of lipids that bring changes in function.

Effect of Water Content in Semidry Grinding on the Quality of Glutinous Rice Flour.

The grinding process is one of the key factors affecting the quality of glutinous rice flour (GRF). As an emerging grinding method, semidry grinding aims to solve the problems of the high yield of wastewater in traditional wet grinding and the high content of damaged starch in dry grinding, in which the water content has a great influence on the quality of GRF. However, semidry grinding has not yet been formally put into production due to limitations such as the long time required to adjust the water content of rice grains.

Impact of solvent and water activity on lipase selectivity and acyl migration of ARA-rich 2-monoacylglycerols in catalytic systems: Kinetic study by particle swarm optimization.

The 2-arachidonoylglycerol enzymatic alcoholysis reaction model was established and kinetic parameters were calculated to explore the effects of solvent and water activity (a) on the lipase positional selectivity and 2-monoacylglycerol acyl migration. Six rate constants (k-k) with the lowest mean square error were obtained using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the calculated molar concentration-time curves were well-fitted to the actual curves. As an indicator to characterize the positional selectivity of lipase, k/k was significantly associated with log P of solvent, which first increased and then decreased with the increase of a.

Enrichment of EPA and DHA in glycerides by selective enzymatic ethanolysis.

It has been reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in glycerides have various biological functions. This study presents an effective method for enriching glycerides rich in EPA and DHA through lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis. The results showed that Eversa® Transform 2.

Fabrication of immobilized lipases from on hierarchical mesoporous silica for enzymatic enrichment of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by selective hydrolysis.

In this study, lipase from immobilized on hydrophobic hierarchical porous hollow silica microsphere (HPHSM-C3) via adsorption. The prepared biocatalyst HPHSM-C3@CRL exhibited higher activity, thermal and pH stability. HPHSM-C3@CRL remained 70.

Preparation of functional oils rich in phytosterol esters and diacylglycerols by enzymatic transesterification.

Phytosterol esters (PEs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) have various health benefits in humans. In this study, PEs and DAGs were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification between a natural oil and phytosterols. First, commercial lipases were screened for transesterification and were further verified using multiple-ligand molecular docking.

Enzymatic synthesis of branched chain fatty acid-enriched structured triacylglycerols via esterification with glycerol.

While branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA)-enriched triacylglycerols (TAG) has various health benefits, its preparation has not been reported. This study aimed to synthesize high-purity BCFA-enriched structured TAG. First, BCFA was enriched from lanolin through saponification, calcification, and urea complexation.

Preparation of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol by Enzymatic Alcoholysis: Effects of Solvent and Water Activity on Acyl Migration.

Enzymatic alcoholysis was performed in an organic medium to synthesize 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) rich in arachidonic acid. The results showed that solvent type and water activity () significantly affected the 2-MAG yield. Under the optimum conditions, 33.

Enzymatic enrichment of acylglycerols rich in n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by selective methanolysis: Optimization and kinetic studies.

n - 3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n - 3 PUFA) have special physiological effect, but their contents in natural oils may not meet the growing demand. Lipase-catalyzed selective methanolysis could be used to produce acylglycerols rich in n - 3 PUFA. To explore the kinetics of enzymatic methanolysis, factors affecting the reaction, including reaction system, water content, substrate molar ratio, temperature, lipase loading, and reaction time, were first investigated in the view of optimizing the reaction.

Reduction in the cadmium (Cd) accumulation and toxicity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by regulating physio-biochemical and antioxidant defense system via soil and foliar application of melatonin.

Cadmium (Cd) is among the toxic pollutants that harms the both animals and plants. The natural antioxidant, melatonin can improve Cd-stress tolerance but its potential role in reducing Cd stress and resilience mechanisms in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is remain unclear.

Acyl migration of 2-monoacylglycerols rich in DHA: Effect of temperature and solvent medium.

Acyl migration of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) rich in DHA is a universal reaction occurring during storage and structural lipid synthesis, and affects their nutritional value. In this study, their acyl migration was investigated under different systems and temperatures. The enhanced temperature promoted acyl migration, leading to a 5.

Physiological and transcriptome analyses demonstrate the silver nanoparticles mediated alleviation of salt stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L).

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a highly nutritive-value summer-annual forage crop used for hay, silage, grazing, and green chop. However, abiotic stresses including salinity negatively affect its growth and productivity.

Chemical characterization and solvent fractionation of tilapia oil for its potential application as human milk fat substitute.

The natural source of human milk fat substitute (HMFS) is a field worth exploring. In this study, tilapia oil was extracted and analyzed. In the triacylglycerol fraction, the contents of sn-2 palmitic acid and total sn-1,3 oleic acid and linoleic acid were 48.

Lipase-catalyzed two-step hydrolysis for concentration of acylglycerols rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

In this study, enzymatic two-step hydrolysis of tuna oil was performed to release saturated (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from triacylglycerols (TAGs) to obtain acylglycerols rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). At the first step, AY "Amano" 400SD was chosen to mainly hydrolyze MUFAs from tuna oil under the conditions as described previously. At the second step, second hydrolysis by Candida antarctica lipase A (CAL-A) was conducted to mainly remove SFAs in acylglycerols isolated from the hydrolysate obtained at the first step.

Progress in enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: a review.

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been widely used in foods, and pharmaceutical products due to its beneficial effects. The content of n-3 PUFA in natural oils is usually low, which decreases its added value. Thus, there is an increasing demand on the market for n-3 PUFA concentrates.

Diverse Krill Lipid Fractions Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammatory Markers in RAW264.7 Macrophages In Vitro.

Antarctic krill oil is an emerging marine lipid and expected to be a potential functional food due to its diverse nutrients, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), phospholipids, astaxanthin and tocopherols. Although krill oil has been previously proved to have anti-inflammatory activity, there is little information about the relationship between its chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the RAW264.

Enrichment of Palmitoleic Acid by a Combination of Two-step Solvent Crystallization and Molecular Distillation.

Palmitoleic acid shows a variety of beneficial properties to human health. In this study, enrichment of palmitoleic acid from sea buckthorn pulp oil by two-step solvent crystallization and molecular distillation was investigated. Sea buckthorn pulp oil was first converted to its corresponding mixed fatty acids (SPOMFs) containing 27.

Enzymatic enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides by selective hydrolysis.

Most natural oils are low in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) content, which limits their application in health products. In this study, n-3 PUFAs in glyceride form were selectively enriched by lipase-mediated hydrolysis of n-3 PUFA-containing oils. First, commercial lipases were screened, and the lipase AY "Amano" 400SD from Candida cylindracea was the best choice in producing n-3 PUFA glycerides from tuna oil.

Effect of Solvent on Acyl Migration of 2-Monoacylglycerols in Enzymatic Ethanolysis.

Acyl migration occurs in many reactions and is the main obstacle for structured lipid synthesis. In this study, 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) was prepared by enzymatic ethanolysis in three different media to evaluate the effect of environment on product composition. The contents of 2-MAG obtained in ethanol, hexane + ethanol, and -butanol + ethanol systems were 30.

Effect of Oil Type and Emulsifier on Oil Absorption of Steam-and-fried Instant Noodles.

The effects of four different frying oils and three emulsifiers on oil absorption by steam-and-fried instant noodles were evaluated. The blended oil (high oleic sunflower oil/soybean oil/palm oil = 24:25:1 (v/v/v)) containing approximately 50% oleic acid was chosen as the proper frying oil due to lower oil absorption by instant noodle compared to palm, soybean, and high oleic sunflower oils. Among the four oils, the interfacial tension between high oleic sunflower oil and instant noodle was the lowest (0.

Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Composition, Extraction Technologies, Health Benefits, and Current Applications.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) oil has been receiving increasing attention due to its nutritional and functional potentials. However, its application as a novel food ingredient has not yet been fully explored. This review summarizes the chemical composition, extraction technologies, potential health benefits, and current applications of krill oil, with the aim of providing suggestions for its exploitation.

Enzymatic preparation of structured triacylglycerols with arachidonic and palmitic acids at the sn-2 position for infant formula use.

Structured TAGs with palmitic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) at the sn-2 position have various health benefits for infants. In this study, we first compared two enzymatic routes for preparation of the structured TAGs. Results showed that the one-pot and two-step syntheses led to 37.

Synthesis of docosapentaenoic acid-enriched diacylglycerols by enzymatic glycerolysis of Schizochytrium sp. oil.

Utilization of algae oil and glycerol for preparation of value-added products is vital for sustainable development of related industries. In this study, we aimed to prepare highly pure diacylglycerols (DAG) rich in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). First, content of DPA in form of triacylglycerols (TAG) increased from 16.