Transcriptome analysis reveals the different toxic mechanism of three HBCD diastereoisomers to Brachionus plicatilis based on chemical defensome.

The emerging contaminants hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are proved to exhibit highly reproductive toxicity to marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, but how about the toxic differentiation among three diastereoisomers of HBCD, and what's the possible hidden mechanism? B. plicatilis was exposed to different concentrations of HBCD diastereoisomers, and the results showed that α-, β- and γ-HBCD exhibited various toxicity on it, the adverse effects on individual life history traits included shortened lifespan, shortened body length and reduced offspring number. Population dynamics analysis showed that the maximum population density and time to reach it were also significantly influenced.

Relationship between glymphatic system dysfunction and cognitive impairment in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic traumatic brain injury: an analysis of the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index.

Background: Cognitive impairment associated with mild-to-moderate chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents substantial challenges for which the functionality of the brain glymphatic system is a key area of interest. This study aimed to explore the functionality of the brain glymphatic system in patients with chronic cognitive impairment following mild-to-moderate TBI using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study.

IL-37 Isoform A Prevents Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Modulating the Th17/Treg Balance via IL1R8 Receptors.

Cytokines play a complex and pivotal role in modulating synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin (IL)-37 is known for its extensive anti-inflammatory properties that set it apart from the majority of other IL-1 family members. However, IL-37a, a member of the IL-37 family, lacks research into rheumatoid arthritis.

The value of hippocampal sub-region imaging features for the diagnosis and severity grading of ASD in children.

Background: Hippocampal structural changes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are inconsistent. This study investigates hippocampal subregion changes in ASD patients to reveal intrinsic hippocampal anomalies.

Methods: A retrospective study from Hainan Children's Hospital database (2020-2023) included ASD patients and matched controls.

The potential role of the SIRT1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in alleviating hidden hearing loss via antioxidant stress.

Hidden hearing loss (HHL) is characterized by normal audiometric thresholds but impaired auditory function, particularly in noisy environments. In vivo, we employed auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing and ribbon synapses counting to assess changes in mouse hearing function, and observed the morphology of hair cells through scanning electron microscopy. SRT1720 was administered to the cochlea via round window injection.

Living photosynthetic microneedle patches for in situ oxygenation and postsurgical melanoma therapy.

Surgical excision remains the principal treatment for melanoma, while tumor recurrence and delayed wound healing often occur due to the residual tumor cells and hypoxic microenvironment in the postoperative skin wounds. Herein, we present a living photosynthetic microneedle (MN) patch (namely MA/CM@MN) loaded with microalgae (MA) and cuttlefish melanin (CM) for postsurgical melanoma therapy and skin wound healing. Benefiting from the oxygenic photosynthesis of the alive MA in the MN base, the MA/CM@MN can generate oxygen under light exposure, thus facilitating skin cell proliferation and protecting cells against hypoxia-induced cell death.

The role of GDF15 in attenuating noise-induced hidden hearing loss by alleviating oxidative stress.

Noise-induced hidden hearing loss (HHL) is a newly uncovered form of hearing impairment that causes hidden damage to the cochlea. Patients with HHL do not have significant abnormalities in their hearing thresholds, but they experience impaired speech recognition in noisy environments. However, the mechanisms underlying HHL remain unclear.

Biomimetic Multichannel Silk Nerve Conduits With Multicellular Spatiotemporal Distributions for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.

Bioengineered nerve conduits have shown great promise for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair, while their practical values are limited by poor regenerative efficacy and lack of multi-level structural design. Here, inspired by the ingenious anatomy of natural spinal cords, a biomimetic multichannel silk nerve conduit (namely BNC@MSCs/SCs) with multicellular spatiotemporal distributions for effective SCI repair is presented. The biomimetic silk nerve conduit (BNC) with hierarchical channels and aligned pore structures is prepared via a modified directional freeze-casting strategy.

Modular Access to Functionalized Oxetanes as Benzoyl Bioisosteres.

Bioisosterism is a valuable principle exploited in drug discovery to fine-tune physicochemical properties of bioactive compounds. Functionalized 3-aryl oxetanes, as an important class of bioisosteres for benzoyl groups (highly prevalent structures in approved drugs), have been rarely utilized in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals due to significant synthetic challenges. Here, we present a modular synthetic strategy based on the unexplored yet readily available reagents, oxetanyl trichloroacetimidates, inspired by Schmidt glycosylation, enabling easy access to a library of functionalized oxetanes.

Impact of babyface schema on time perception: Insights from neutral and crying facial expressions.

Facial expressions in infants have been noted to create a spatial attention bias when compared with adult faces. Yet, there is limited understanding of how adults perceive the timing of infant facial expressions. To investigate this, we used both infant and adult facial expressions in a temporal bisection task.

Novel artesunate and isatin hybrid CT3-1 suppresses collagen-induced arthritis through abrogating dendritic cell chemotaxis-induced by CCR5.

Background: Chemotaxis and trafficking of dendritic cells (DCs) induced by cytokine receptors are crucial steps in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) plays a key role in DC movement and has been implicated in multitudinous inflammatory and immunology diseases. Thus, targeting CCR5 to suppress DC chemotaxis is considered as a potential strategy for the management of RA.

Contrasting benthic bacterial and fungal communities in two temperate coastal areas affected by different levels of anthropogenic pressure.

Benthic microbial communities play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and function of estuarine ecosystems. However, their organization and response to multiple stresses in severely disturbed coastal areas remains to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed the presence of contrasting benthic bacterial and fungal communities in the Liaohe (LH) and Yalujiang (YLJ) estuaries, which are located at similar latitudes and are characterized by similar climates but are subjected to different levels of anthropogenic pressure.

Engineered Microorganisms for Advancing Tumor Therapy.

Engineered microorganisms have attracted significant interest as a unique therapeutic platform in tumor treatment. Compared with conventional cancer treatment strategies, engineering microorganism-based systems provide various distinct advantages, such as the intrinsic capability in targeting tumors, their inherent immunogenicity, in situ production of antitumor agents, and multiple synergistic functions to fight against tumors. Herein, the design, preparation, and application of the engineered microorganisms for advanced tumor therapy are thoroughly reviewed.

Patient-specific non-invasive estimation of the aortic blood pressure waveform by ultrasound and tonometry.

Background And Objective: Aortic blood pressure (ABP) is a more effective prognostic indicator of cardiovascular disease than peripheral blood pressure. A highly accurate algorithm for non-invasively deriving the ABP wave, based on ultrasonic measurement of aortic flow combined with peripheral pulse wave measurements, has been proposed elsewhere. However, it has remained at the proof-of-concept stage because it requires a priori knowledge of the ABP waveform to calculate aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Small random library method combined with local searching in optical critical dimension measurements.

The critical dimensions (CDs) of gratings significantly influence their optical performances and require high-resolution measurements. To avoid damaging the gratings, a model-based optical critical dimension (OCD) measurement method utilizing ellipsometry or scatterometry was applied by matching the simulated and experimental values. However, online CD measurements during grating fabrication require a bulky presimulated library containing the condition points with various CDs, making it time consuming and resource intensive to build with large dimension ranges to account for grating fabrication errors.

Simulated vestibular spatial disorientation mouse model under coupled rotation revealing potential involvement of Slc17a6.

Spatial disorientation (SD) is the main contributor to flight safety risks, but research progress in animals has been limited, impeding a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of SD. This study proposed a method for constructing and evaluating a vestibular SD mouse model, which adopted coupled rotational stimulation with visual occlusion. Physiological parameters were measured alongside behavioral indices to assess the model, and neuronal changes were observed through immunofluorescent staining.

Acteoside protects podocyte against apoptosis through regulating AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in db/db mice.

Background: Podocyte apoptosis is one of the important pathological mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Acteoside (Act), a major active component of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside, has a strong renoprotective action. Our study aims to demonstrate Act's renoprotective actions in db/db mice.

Sesamol serves as a p53 stabilizer to relieve rheumatoid arthritis progression and inhibits the growth of synovial organoids.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease known as a leading cause of disability with considerable mortality. Developing alternative drugs and targets for RA treatment is an urgent issue. Sesamol is a phenolic compound isolated from natural food sesame (Sesamum indicum L.

Arecoline hydrobromide suppresses PI3K/AKT pathway in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and relieves collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of arecoline hydrobromide (AH) on the functions of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice.

Methods: Immunofluorescence was used to identify RA-FLSs. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine the viability of RA-FLSs and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of AH.

Body mass index affects the association between plasma lipids and peripheral eosinophils in a general chinese population: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Lipid metabolism affects type 2 immunity; however, the association between plasma lipids and eosinophilic inflammation in humans is uncertain. This study analysed the relationship between plasma lipids and peripheral eosinophils and whether patterns differ with different body mass indexes (BMI).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey including 62,441 healthy participants recruited from a regular health screening programme was conducted.

Construction of engineered 3D islet micro-tissue using porcine decellularized ECM for the treatment of diabetes.

Islet transplantation improves diabetes patients' long-term blood glucose control, but its success and utility are limited by cadaver availability, quality, and considerable islet loss after transplantation due to ischemia and inadequate angiogenesis. This study used adipose, pancreatic, and liver tissue decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels in an effort to recapitulate the islet sites inside the pancreas , and successfully generated viable and functional heterocellular islet micro-tissues using islet cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The three-dimensional (3D) islet micro-tissues maintained prolonged viability and normal secretory function, and showed high drug sensitivity in drug testing.

Multi-Bioinspired Functional Conductive Hydrogel Patches for Wound Healing Management.

Many hydrogel patches are developed to solve the pervasive and severe challenge of complex wound healing, while most of them still lack satisfactory controllability and comprehensive functionality. Herein, inspired by multiple creatures, including octopuses and snails, a novel muti-functional hydrogel patch is presented with controlled adhesion, antibacterial, drug release features, and multiple monitoring functions for intelligent wound healing management. The patch with micro suction-cup actuator array and a tensile backing layer is composed of tannin grafted gelatin, Ag-tannin nanoparticles, polyacrylamide (PAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm).

Microneedle-Integrated Sensors for Extraction of Skin Interstitial Fluid and Metabolic Analysis.

Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) has emerged as a fungible biofluid sample for blood serum and plasma for disease diagnosis and therapy. The sampling of skin ISF is highly desirable considering its easy accessibility, no damage to blood vessels, and reduced risk of infection. Particularly, skin ISF can be sampled using microneedle (MN)-based platforms in the skin tissues, which exhibit multiple advantages including minimal invasion of the skin tissues, less pain, ease of carrying, capacity for continuous monitoring, etc.