A Novel Delivery Approach of Clinical Inner Ear Gene Therapy.

Background: To create and develop a delivery approach for clinical inner ear gene therapy, we conducted a study of trans-round window membrane (RWM) microinjection using a pipetting microneedle via transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES).

Methods: The implementation of the trans-RWM microinjection surgery involved seven cadaveric specimens, and the surgical procedures and the pipetting microneedle were developed and optimized. The TEES procedures included tympanic cavity visualization, RWM exposure, stapes footplate perforation, and trans-RWM microinjection.

Qingre Qushi formula suppresses atopic dermatitis via a multi-target mechanism.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Our previous studies have shown that the Qingre Qushi (QRQS) formula can treat atopic dermatitis (AD), and its possible mechanism is related to the regulation of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanism of AD is complex, and various AD subtypes respond better to therapies aimed at distinct targets.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the multi-target mechanism of QRQS using experimental and network pharmacology studies.

Gut and Cutaneous Microbiome Featuring Abundance of Protected Against Psoriasis-Like Inflammation in Mice.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease, and its aetiology remains incompletely understood. Recently, gut microbial dysbiosis is found to be tightly associated with psoriasis.

Objective: We sought to reveal the causal role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in psoriasis pathogenesis and investigate the protective effect of healthy commensal bacteria against imiquimod -induced psoriasis-like skin response.

What is the most relevent factor causing pain during ALA-PDT? A multi-center, open clinical pain score research trial of actinic keratosis, acne and condylomata acuminata.

Background: To date, it has been reported that the intrinsic factors(lesions location, lesions area, disease tynpes) and extrinsic factors(fluence rate) contribute to the pain during 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). But there are few studies on pain during ALA-PDT and lack of sufficient clinical evidence related to the pain intensity.

Objective: To investigate pain intensity and its relative factors during ALA-PDT and to provide clinical implication.

Salinomycin-loaded lipid-polymer nanoparticles with anti-CD20 aptamers selectively suppress human CD20+ melanoma stem cells.

Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer. CD20+ melanoma stem cells (CSCs) are pivotal for metastasis and initiation of melanoma. Therefore, selective elimination of CD20+ melanoma CSCs represents an effective treatment to eradicate melanoma.

Evaluation of the otolith function using c/oVEMPs in patients with Ménière's disease.

Background: Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (c/oVEMPs) reflect otolith function. Up-to-date, there are no published reports on the systemic evaluation of otolith function in Ménière's Disease (MD) nor are there any reports on the differences in VEMPs between patients with early and late stage MD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in c/oVEMPs between patients with MD and normal controls, as well as between patients with early and late stage MD.

Degree of sigmoid sinus compression and the symptom relief using magnetic resonance angiography in venous pulsating tinnitus.

Objectives: To show that mechanical compression of sigmoid sinus is effective for treatment of pulsatile tinnitus caused by sigmoid sinus enlargement, and to evaluate the relationship between the compression degree of sigmoid sinus and the tinnitus symptom relief using magnetic resonance angiography.

Methods: Medical records of twenty-four patients who were diagnosed with venous tinnitus caused by sigmoid sinus enlargement and underwent mechanical compression of sigmoid sinus were reviewed between April 2009 and May 2013. All these patients received computed tomography and magnetic resonance venography study before undergoing surgery and were followed for at least 4 months.

Narrow-band UVB radiation promotes dendrite formation by activating Rac1 in B16 melanoma cells.

Melanocytes are found scattered throughout the basal layer of the epidermis. Following hormone or ultraviolet (UV) light stimulation, the melanin pigments contained in melanocytes are transferred through the dendrites to the surrounding keratinocytes to protect against UV light damage or carcinogenesis. This has been considered as a morphological indicator of melanocytes and melanoma cells.

[Effect of sigmoid sinus plasty in sigmoid sinus original pulsatile tinnitus].

Objective: To discuss the diagnosis and management of venous original pulsatile tinnitus associated with sigmoid sinus.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 12 patients who were diagnosed with venous original pulsatile tinnitus associated with sigmoid sinus, and treated with sigmoid sinus constriction surgery. The diagnostic evidences for venous original pulsatile tinnitus associated with sigmoid sinus were re-evaluated, the pulsatile tinnitus improvements and MRV study results before and after surgeries associated with sigmoid sinus were compared.

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma of the external auditory canal: a case report and review of the literature.

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (cNEC) is rarely seen in the external ear. In this paper, we newly describe a patient with cNEC in his right external auditory canal, followed by a further discussion on the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatments of cNEC of the external ear. A review of the literature showed that cNEC of the external auditory canal generally presents as asymptomatic and that pathology yields the most confirmative diagnosis.

Assessment of middle ear effusion and audiological characteristics in young children with adenoid hypertrophy.

Background: Otitis media with effusion is a highly concurrent disease in young children with adenoid hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to assess the middle ear effusion and audiological characteristics in children with adenoid hypertrophy and compare the various assessment methods.

Methods: Two hundred and seven candidates who were to undergo adenoidectomy were analyzed using otoscopy, tympanometry, air-conduction auditory steady-state responses (AC-ASSR), and computerized tomography (CT) before adenoidectomy.

Frequency perception and cell injury in the semicircular canal caused by gentamicin.

Objective: The frequency characteristics of the vestibular organ have gained notice in recent years, but the morphologic basis was unknown. This study investigated the gentamicin-induced damage of frequency-selective perception of the horizontal semicircular canal and its morphologic basis.

Methods: Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups, one control group and three experimental groups.

[Importance of re-examinations in the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo].

Objective: To evaluate the importance of re-examinations in the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and its clinical characteristics.

Methods: The medical records of 288 BPPV patients treated during January 2009 to December 2010 were reviewed and analyzed. The definite diagnosis was established by re-examinations.

[Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone: 22 cases analysis].

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the temporal bone.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with LCH of the temporal bone in our hospital were retrospectively summed up from January 1994 to January 2008. Following up 1 - 15 years, their clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis were studied.

[Normative data and clinical practice of sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test].

Objective: To establish the normative data of sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test (SHAT) and evaluate the value of clinical application.

Methods: One hundred and twenty normal persons, 21 Meniere's disease patients, 2 bilateral vestibular peripheral lesion patients, 15 unilateral vestibular peripheral lesion patients and 10 central lesion patients were tested with SHAT.

Results: The calibration time was longer in the older persons.

[High-frequency rotation sensation function damage of the crista of the horizontal semicircular canal induced by gentamicin and its morphological basis.].

The goal of the present study was to explore high-frequency rotation sensation function damage of the crista of the horizontal semicircular canal induced by gentamicin and its morphological basis. The guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups (group 1, 2, 3 and control group, n=20). The animals of treated groups received gentamicin subcutaneously (50 mg/kg per day) for 1 week (group 1), 2 weeks (group 2) and 3 weeks (group 3), respectively.

[Epidermal stem cells in the tympanic membrane].

Objective: To investigate the distributions of epithelial stem cells in the tympanic membrane and the growth characteristics of cultured epithelial cells from different region of tympanic membrane, and to establish culture techniques of stem cells in tympanic membrane.

Methods: Four young rats and four adult SD rats were used to observe normal tympanic membrane. The other 28 rats were performed 2 mm size perforations in pars tensa.

Spontaneous healing of various tympanic membrane perforations in the rat.

Objectives: To investigate the spontaneous healing process of various types of perforation and the location of the epithelial generation center in the tympanic membrane of rats.

Material And Methods: Various types of perforation were made in the ears of 50 rats and the healing process was observed using light and electron microscopy.

Results: Epithelia hyperplasia could not be seen at the edge of the perforations, but occurred in the annulus and handle of malleus regions during the early stage of healing.

[Spontaneous healing of various types of rat tympanic membrane perforation].

Objective: To investigate the spontaneous healing process of various types of rat tympanic membrane perforation, study the perforation healing mechanism.

Methods: Fifty rats were divided into five groups in randomization, and performed perforations phi = 2.5 mm, 1 mm, respectively in the center of tympanic membrane pars tensa, posterior marginal perforation (phi = 1.