Effects of basal and premixed insulin on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients based on multicenter prospective real-world data.

Background: To investigate the different efficacies of glycemic control between basal and premixed insulin in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) when non-insulin medications fail to reach treatment targets.

Methods: This was a prospective, large-scale, real-world study at 10 diabetes centers in China. Between June 2017 and June 2021, we enrolled 1104 T2DM participants initiated with either once-daily basal insulin or twice-daily premixed insulin when the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control target was not met after at least two non-insulin agents were administered.

Age-specific modifiable risk factor profiles for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study.

Background: National investigations on age-specific modifiable risk factor profiles for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality are scarce in China, the country that is experiencing a huge cardiometabolic burden exacerbated by population ageing.

Methods: This is a nationwide prospective cohort study of 193,846 adults in the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study, 2011-2016. Among 139,925 participants free from CVD at baseline, we examined hazard ratios and population-attributable risk percentages (PAR%s) for CVD and all-cause mortality attributable to 12 modifiable socioeconomic, psychosocial, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors by four age groups (40-<55 years, 55-<65 years, 65-<75 years, and ≥75 years).

Association of soy food with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in a Chinese population: a nationwide prospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the association of soy intake with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a Chinese population composed of 97,930 participants aged ≥ 40 years old without CVD at baseline in 2011. Habitual soy intake over a period of 12 months was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire.

The study on the effect of flotation purification on the performance of α-hemihydrate gypsum prepared from phosphogypsum.

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a massive industrial solid waste. In this paper, PG was purified by flotation method, and α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) was prepared by the autoclaving method. The morphology of α-HH was adjusted by adding different doses of Maleic acid and Aluminium sulfate.

Association of education levels with the risk of hypertension and hypertension control: a nationwide cohort study in Chinese adults.

Background: Education attainment can improve life expectancy and guide healthy behaviours throughout an entire lifetime. A nationwide longitudinal study of the association of education status with the risk of hypertension and its control in China is lacking.

Methods: The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study is a multicentre, population-based, prospective cohort study.

Association of sedentary time and carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multiple factors are involved in the development and progress of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the association of weekly sedentary time (WST) with carotid plaque formation.

Individual and Combined Associations of Glucose Metabolic Components With Cognitive Function Modified by Obesity.

Aim: We aimed to detect the individual and combined effect of glucose metabolic components on cognitive function in particular domains among older adults.

Methods: Data of 2,925 adults aged over 60 years from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Individuals' cognitive function was evaluated using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency Test (AF), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Immediate Recall (CERAD-IR), and CERAD Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR).

Combined berberine and probiotic treatment as an effective regimen for improving postprandial hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients: a double blinded placebo controlled randomized study.

Non-fasting lipidemia (nFL), mainly contributed by postprandial lipidemia (PL), has recently been recognized as an important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as fasting lipidemia (FL). PL serves as a common feature of dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), albeit effective therapies targeting on PL were limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the therapy combining probiotics (Prob) and berberine (BBR), a proven antidiabetic and hypolipidemic regimen via altering gut microbiome, could effectively reduce PL in T2D and to explore the underlying mechanism.

An N-methyladenosine and target genes-based study on subtypes and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly lethal subtype of primary lung cancer with a poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (mA), the most predominant form of RNA modification, regulates biological processes and has critical prognostic implications for LUAD. Our study aimed to mine potential target genes of mA regulators to explore their biological significance in subtyping LUAD and predicting survival.

Sensitive Quantification of MicroRNA in Blood through Multi-amplification Toehold-Mediated DNA-Strand-Displacement Paper-Spray Mass Spectrometry (TSD-PS MS).

Accurate quantification of disease-signature microRNAs (miRNAs) in biomedical samples is in high demand for clinical diagnosis but still challenging because of the low abundance of miRNAs and complicating interferences in the milieus. Here, we report a multi-amplification strategy based on paper-spray mass spectrometry (PS MS) for the analysis of miRNAs in blood. A toehold-mediated DNA-strand-displacement reaction (TSD) is employed to amplify the signal chain and to ensure the specificity.

Associations of body shapes with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

Background: We aimed to define refined body shapes by using multiple anthropometric traits that represent fat distribution, and evaluate their associations with risk of insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic disorders in a Chinese population.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 6570 community-based participants aged ≥ 40 years. Four body circumferences (neck, waist, hip, and thigh) and their ratios were put simultaneously into an open-source Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis platform to select the worthiest indicators in determining IR.

Sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism is shaped by androgen-driven gut microbiome.

Males are generally more susceptible to impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D) than females. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we revealed that gut microbiome depletion abolished sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism.

Let7b-5p inhibits insulin secretion and decreases pancreatic β-cell mass in mice.

MicroRNAs are crucial regulators for the development, mass and function of pancreatic β-cells. MiRNA dysregulation is associated with β-cell dysfunction and development of diabetes. The members of let7 family are important players in regulating cellular growth and metabolism.

Metabolomics study reveals systematic metabolic dysregulation and early detection markers associated with incident pancreatic cancer.

Biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer are in urgent need. To explore systematic circulating metabolites unbalance and identify potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer in prospective Chinese cohorts, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics study in subjects with incident pancreatic cancer and matched controls (n = 192) from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. We characterized 998 metabolites in baseline serum and calculated 156 product-to-precursor ratios based on the KEGG database.

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Dulaglutide After Single or Multiple Doses in Chinese Healthy Subjects and Patients with T2DM: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase I Study.

Introduction: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of a single dulaglutide dose in Chinese healthy subjects and of multiple dulaglutide doses in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This two-part, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included 16 healthy subjects randomized to receive a single dose of placebo and two of three dulaglutide doses (0.5 mg, 0.

Association Between Age at Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Cohort Study.

Objectives: Nationwide studies focusing on the impact of early-onset type 2 diabetes and obesity on the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are limited in China. We aimed to investigate the association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and the risk of CVD, and to further examine the modifying effect of obesity on this association among Chinese adults.

Methods: This study included 23,961 participants with previously diagnosed diabetes from a large nationwide population-based cohort study across mainland China.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CYP11B2, CYP11B1 and β-catenin Helps Subtyping and Relates With Clinical Characteristics of Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism is caused by aldosterone overproduction. While conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining can demonstrate morphological abnormality, it cannot provide any functional histopathological information. We aimed to identify the diagnostic, functional and prognostic value of CYP11B2, CYP11B1, and β-catenin immunostaining in unilateral hyperaldosteronism.

The prognostic value of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the management of Graves' disease.

Background: The bioassay of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was reported to have a similar performance to the commonly used thyroid-stimulating hormone binding inhibition assay, also known as thyroid receptor antibody assay. The normal reference range of thyroid receptor antibody levels indicates the withdrawal of anti-thyroid drugs in the recent clinical guidelines.

Methods: A prospective, longitudinal observational study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in patients with Graves' disease.

Long-Term Glycemic Variability Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Adults.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults.

Methods: We performed a cohort study involving 2002 Chinese adults with no history of myocardial infarction or stroke. All the participants attended three visits (the baseline visit in 2008, the 2 visit in 2009 and the 3 visit in 2013).

miR-122-5p downregulation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting IL1RN.

MicroRNAs (miRs) and inflammatory cytokines can induce acute lung injury (ALI), which can develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe cases. Previous research has revealed that miR-122-5p participates in the development of ALI, and that its expression is positively associated with ALI. However, the mechanism by which miR-122-5p contributes to ALI remains to be determined.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic goal achievement with incident cardiovascular disease and eGFR-based chronic kidney disease in patients with prediabetes and diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to evaluate the effect of NAFLD on the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)-based chronic kidney disease (CKD), and further test the joint effects and interactions between NAFLD status and individual metabolic element, as well as the total 'ABCs' metabolic goal achievement, on the CVD and CKD risk among 101,296 patients with prediabetes or diabetes from a prospective cohort study.

Methods: We conducted the study based on the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study, a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort. After excluding alcohol abuse and other cause of hepatic diseases, we used fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 60 as a proxy of NAFLD and stratified the probability of fibrosis by aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio (AAR) with cut-offs of 0.

Effects of the hemoglobin glycation index on hyperglycemia diagnosis: Results from the REACTION study.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) on hyperglycemia diagnosis and summarize the general characteristics of patients with a high-HGI phenotype.

Methods: The fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of participants (n = 47,648) were used to estimate a linear regression equation and determine the baseline HGI. Overall, 42,317 participants without a history of diabetes were included in the final analysis.

Enhancing Acsl4 in absence of mTORC2/Rictor drove β-cell dedifferentiation via inhibiting FoxO1 and promoting ROS production.

Rapamycin insensitive companion of mechanistic target of Rapamycin (Rictor), the key component of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), controls both β-cell proliferation and function. We sought to study whether long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (Acsl4) worked downstream of Rictor/mTORC2 to maintain β-cell functional mass. We found Acsl4 was positively regulated by Rictor at transcriptional and posttranslational levels in mouse β-cell.