Purinergic signaling by TCRαβ double-negative T regulatory cells ameliorates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is an important cause of liver injury following liver transplantation and major resections, and neutrophils are the key effector cells in HIRI. Double-negative T regulatory cells (DNT) are increasingly recognized as having critical regulatory functions in the immune system. Whether DNT expresses distinct immunoregulatory mechanisms to modulate neutrophils, as in HIRI, remains largely unknown.

A Versatile "Synthesis Tag" (SynTag) for the Chemical Synthesis of Aggregating Peptides and Proteins.

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL) are powerful methods for obtaining peptides and proteins that are otherwise inaccessible. Nonetheless, numerous sequences are difficult to prepare via SPPS, and cleaved peptides often have low aqueous solubility. To address these challenges, we developed a "Synthesis Tag" consisting of six arginines connected to the target sequence via a cleavable MeDbz linker.

0D-1D-2D Multidimensional Heterostructure Films for High-Performance Flexible Microsupercapacitors.

Planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are of great value for flexible and wearable electronics. The rational design of electrode materials with rapid ionic kinetics and sufficient active site exposure is critical but challenging for realizing high-energy MSCs. Herein, we report the dot-tube-sheet multidimensional heterostructure films (MHFs) with versatile patterns by a simple mask-assisted strategy, consisting of 0D carbon dots (CDs), 1D carboxyl-carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs), and 2D TiC MXene nanosheets.

Clam Genome and Transcriptomes Provide Insights into Molecular Basis of Morphological Novelties and Adaptations in Mollusks.

Bivalve mollusks, comprising animals enclosed in two shell valves, are well-adapted to benthic life in many intertidal zones. Clams have evolved the buried lifestyle, which depends on their unique soft tissue structure and their wedge-shaped muscular foot and long extendible siphons. However, molecular mechanisms of adaptative phenotype evolution remain largely unknown.

NADH Analogues Enable Metal- and Light-Free Decarboxylative Functionalization.

Here we report a metal- and light-free decarboxylative functionalization approach enabled by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) analogues. The efficient and operationally simple approach, conducted in 5 minutes from in situ preparation of aryliodine (III) dicarboxylates under open-air and ambient conditions, enables diverse bond formation and exhibits a broad substrate scope of over 70 examples. Late-stage functionalization of drug molecules and natural products further demonstrates the synthetic utility of this method.

Poly-γ-glutamic production by solid-state fermentation of Bacillus natto in ammonia nitrogen movement and soil water retention processes.

A high polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) producing strain of Bacillus natto UV-40-50 was screened by ultraviolet mutagenesis treatment and identified as still belonging to the Bacillus specie. The optimal fermentation medium composition for solid state fermentation (SSF) of B. natto strain UV-40-50 strain was determined by one-way analysis of variance, under which the yield of γ-PGA was 55.

Upcycling of waste polyesters for the development of a circular economy.

The rapidly increasing production and widespread application of plastics have brought convenience to our lives, but they have consumed a huge amount of nonrenewable fossil energy, leading to additional CO emissions and generation of an enormous amount of plastic waste (also called white pollution). Chemical recycling and upcycling of waste plastic products (also called waste plastic refineries) into recycled monomers and/or valuable chemicals can decrease the dependence on fossil energy and/or reduce the emission of CO, enabling the full utilization of carbon resources for the development of a circular economy. Polyesters, a vital class of plastics, are ideal feedstocks for chemical recycling due to the easily depolymerizable ester bonds compared to polyolefins.

Multifactorial Analysis of the Effect of Applied Gamma-Polyglutamic Acid on Soil Infiltration Characteristics.

To investigate the mechanism and influence of applying gamma-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on soil water infiltration, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were conducted using Hydrus-1D. These studies assessed the impact of various application rates of γ-PGA on soil water characteristic parameters. Orthogonal simulation experiments on soil bulk density, γ-PGA application rates, and burial depths were performed utilizing predefined soil water characteristic values (twelve groups: nine groups of numerical simulation experiments and three groups of laboratory verification tests), and the soil infiltration characteristics were analyzed.

Size-Dependent Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes with Balanced Cu and Cu Dual Sites for the Selective Hydrogenation of Ethylene Carbonate.

Cyclic carbonate hydrogenation offers an alternative for the efficient indirect CO utilization. In this study, a series of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported xCu/CNTs catalysts with different Cu loadings were fabricated using a convenient impregnation method, and exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate to methanol and ethylene glycol. The structural and physicochemical properties revealed that acid treatment of CNTs resulted in plentiful oxygen-containing functional groups, providing sufficient anchoring sites for copper species.

Multi-stage tomato fruit recognition method based on improved YOLOv8.

Introduction: In the field of facility agriculture, the accurate identification of tomatoes at multiple stages has become a significant area of research. However, accurately identifying and localizing tomatoes in complex environments is a formidable challenge. Complex working conditions can impair the performance of conventional detection techniques, underscoring the necessity for more robust methods.

Dietary nitrate maintains intestinal epithelia homeostasis in aged mice.

The intestinal tract, which is the primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients, is one of the most vulnerable organs during aging. Dietary nitrate, which is mainly derived from the diet and absorbed in the intestinal tract, is a key messenger that connecting oral and general health. However, whether dietary nitrate regulates intestinal tract homeostasis remains unclear.

Effect of sesame cake fertilizer with γ-PGA on soil nutrient, water and nitrogen use efficiency.

γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), as an environmentally sustainable material, is extensive applied in agriculture for enhancing water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, augmenting crop yield, and ameliorating soil conditions. However, the effect of γ-PGA in conjunction with sesame cake fertilizer on the soil environment remains uncertain.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of γ-PGA on soil nutrients, water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and maize yield across various levels of sesame cake fertilizer.

Higher Order Structure Differences Among Insulin Crystalline Drugs Revealed by 2D heteronuclear NMR.

During therapeutic protein development, two-dimensional (2D) heteronuclear NMR spectra can be a powerful analytical method for measuring protein higher order structure (HOS) in solution since the spectra exhibit much higher resolution than homonuclear H spectra. However, 2D NMR capabilities for characterizing protein HOS in crystalline states remain to be assessed, given the low C natural abundance and intrinsically broader lines in solid-state NMR (SSNMR). Herein, high-resolution heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) SSNMR was utilized to directly measure intact crystal drug products of insulin human, insulin analogs of insulin lispro and insulin aspart.

Alterations in the Salivary Microbiome and Metabolism in Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis from Rural Northeast China.

Background: Periodontitis and atherosclerosis are both chronic inflammatory diseases with a high prevalence. Increasing evidence supports the independent association between severe periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, in which oral microorganisms may play an important role. We aimed to evaluate the characteristic changes of salivary microbiome and metabolome in patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and periodontitis.

Topical Application of Nitrate Ameliorates Skin Fibrosis by Regulating ST2CD4 T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis Mouse Model.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by intractable multiorgan fibrosis caused by vascular and immune dysfunction. Currently, effective therapeutic options for patients with SSc are limited. Nitrate, an abundant nutrient in the diet, has been demonstrated to be preventative and therapeutic for several diseases.

PDZK1 confers sensitivity to sunitinib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing the PDGFR-β pathway.

Background: Sunitinib has emerged as the primary treatment for advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) due to its significant improvement in patients' average survival time. However, drug resistance and adverse effects of sunitinib pose challenges to its clinical benefits.

Methods: The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with sunitinib sensitivity and resistance in ccRCC were investigated.

The role of periodontitis in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in participants with the components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is important in individuals with metabolic syndrome components (MetS), and periodontitis may play an important role in this process. This study aims to evaluate the association between periodontitis and ASCVD in participants with the components of MetS, including obesity, dysglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Materials And Methods: This study conducted followed the MOOSE reporting guidelines and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

A tantalum-containing zirconium-based metallic glass with superior endosseous implant relevant properties.

Zirconium-based metallic glasses (Zr-MGs) are demonstrated to exhibit high mechanical strength, low elastic modulus and excellent biocompatibility, making them promising materials for endosseous implants. Meanwhile, tantalum (Ta) is also well known for its ideal corrosion resistance and biological effects. However, the metal has an elastic modulus as high as 186 GPa which is not comparable to the natural bone (10-30 GPa), and it also has a relative high cost.

Incorporation of PD-1 blockade into induction chemotherapy improved tumor response in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a retrospective patient cohort.

Objective: To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy (IC) combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).

Methods: A total of 217 patients diagnosed with LA-NPC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, including 67 who received IC combined with anti-PD-1 and 150 who received IC, were retrospectively enrolled. Efficacy was evaluated at the end of the IC cycles and one month after radiotherapy based on RECIST v1.

LIM homeobox 8 reduced apoptosis and promoted periodontal tissue regeneration function of dental pulp stem cells.

Stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration is a promising strategy for repairing tissue defects and functional reconstruction in periodontitis, a common disease that leads to the loss of alveolar bone and teeth. However, stem cell apoptosis, widely observed during tissue regeneration, impairs its efficiency. Therefore, the regulation of stem cell apoptosis is critical for improving regeneration efficiency.

ASCOD phenotyping of acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion treated by mechanical thrombectomy: insight from the PERSIST registry.

Objective: Determining the underlying etiology of acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) is crucial for selecting an appropriate treatment approach. The authors aimed to investigate the distribution of etiology and the association with functional outcomes in patients with acute VBAO who underwent endovascular treatment in which atherosclerosis, small-vessel disease, cardiac pathology, other causes, and dissection (ASCOD) phenotyping was used.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at 21 centers in China, involving patients with VBAO who received endovascular treatment within 24 hours of the estimated occlusion time.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on hemoglobin A1c in periodontitis patients without diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review was aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in periodontitis patients without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Data/sources: The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed through searching the following electronic databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Open GREY. Interventional studies of periodontitis patients without DM were investigated.