Enhanced neurogenesis after ischemic stroke: the interplay between endogenous and exogenous stem cells.

Ischemic stroke is a significant global health crisis, frequently resulting in disability or death, with limited therapeutic interventions available. Although various intrinsic reparative processes are initiated within the ischemic brain, these mechanisms are often insufficient to restore neuronal functionality. This has led to intensive investigation into the use of exogenous stem cells as a potential therapeutic option.

Prevention of Early Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection: A Long-Term Experience from Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Preventing the early shunt infection is critical for the success of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) operation. Our goal was to establish a standardized protocol to prevent early shunt infection. This was a single-center retrospective study.

Self-supervised Multi-scale Multi-modal Graph Pool Transformer for Sellar Region Tumor Diagnosis.

The sellar region tumor is a brain tumor that only exists in the brain sellar, which affects the central nervous system. The early diagnosis of the sellar region tumor subtypes helps clinicians better understand the best treatment and recovery of pa-tients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to be an effective tool for the early detection of sellar region tumors.

Federated Learning for Predicting Postoperative Remission of Patients with Acromegaly: A Multicentered Study.

Background: Decentralized federated learning (DFL) may serve as a useful framework for machine learning (ML) tasks in multicentered studies, maximizing the use of clinical data without data sharing. We aim to propose the first workflow of DFL for ML tasks in multicentered studies, which can be as powerful as those using centralized data.

Methods: A DFL workflow was developed with 4 steps: registration, local computation, model update, and inspection.

Temozolomide Therapy in Management of Refractory Pituitary Adenomas: A Case Series of 39 Patients.

Objective: The management of refractory pituitary adenomas (RPAs) presents significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of patients with RPA managed with temozolomide (TMZ) and to identify potential biomarkers for predicting TMZ treatment response.

Methods: This retrospective case series included patients with RPA who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS) or craniotomy at a comprehensive medical center in China between January 2014 and December 2021.

Endothelial pyroptosis-driven microglial activation in choroid plexus mediates neuronal apoptosis in hemorrhagic stroke rats.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with alarmingly high rates of disability and mortality, and current therapeutic options are suboptimal. A critical component of ICH pathology is the initiation of a robust inflammatory response, often termed "cytokine storm," which amplifies the secondary brain injury following the initial hemorrhagic insult. The precise sources and consequences of this cytokine-driven inflammation are not fully elucidated, necessitating further investigation.

Characteristics and treatment of a silent somatotroph tumor that had transformed to a functional type: a case report and literature review.

Background: "Functionalization" of silent pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) is a pretty rare clinical phenomenon that reportedly occurs most often with silent corticotroph tumors (SCTs). We report the case of silent somatotroph tumor (SST) that had transformed to functional type. We also review similar cases of SST with functionalization.

Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Ferroptosis as The Most Enriched Programmed Cell Death Process in Hemorrhage Stroke-induced Oligodendrocyte-mediated White Matter Injury.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke subtype with limited therapeutic options. Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for immunological balance, and includes necroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis. However, the distinctions between these programmed cell death modalities after ICH remain to be further investigated.

The key point of transsphenoidal surgery for infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma：Better sellar diaphragm resection.

Background: Craniopharyngiomas have a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis, and the key methods for reducing recurrences are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the key points of microscopic or endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery used to treat infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 and 2018.

Unraveling dynamic immunological landscapes in intracerebral hemorrhage: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a formidable challenge in stroke management, with limited therapeutic options, particularly in the realm of immune-targeted interventions. Clinical trials targeting immune responses post-ICH have encountered setbacks, potentially attributable to the substantial cellular heterogeneity and intricate intercellular networks within the brain. Here, we present a pioneering investigation utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome profiling at hyperacute (1 h), acute (24 h), and subacute (7 days) intervals post-ICH, aimed at unraveling the dynamic immunological landscape and spatial distributions within the cerebral tissue.

CD87-targeted BiTE and CAR-T cells potently inhibit invasive nonfunctional pituitary adenomas.

Recently, bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) have been shown to have high therapeutic efficacy in hematological tumors. CD87 is highly expressed in solid tumors with an oncogenic function. To assess their cytotoxic effects on invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (iNFPAs), we first examined CD87 expression and its effects on the metabolism of iNFPA cells.

Stereotactically intracerebral transplantation of neural stem cells for ischemic stroke attenuated inflammatory responses and promoted neurogenesis: an experimental study with monkeys.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a common neurovascular disorder with high morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism of stereotactically intracerebral transplantation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) is not well elucidated.

Materials And Methods: Four days after ischemic stroke induced by Rose Bengal photothrombosis, seven cynomolgus monkeys were transplanted with hNSCs or vehicles stereotactically and followed up for 84 days.

Pairwise machine learning-based automatic diagnostic platform utilizing CT images and clinical information for predicting radiotherapy locoregional recurrence in elderly esophageal cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of predicting locoregional recurrence (LR) in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) who underwent radical radiotherapy using a pairwise machine learning algorithm.

Methods: The 130 datasets enrolled were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set in a 7:3 ratio. Clinical factors were included and radiomics features were extracted from pretreatment CT scans using pyradiomics-based software, and a pairwise naive Bayes (NB) model was developed.

Phenotype Transformation of PitNETs.

Phenotype transformation in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors is a little-known and unpredictable clinical phenomenon. Previous studies have not clearly defined and systematically concluded on the causes of this rare phenomenon. Additionally, the mechanisms of phenotype transformation are not well known.

Phase 1 study of safety and preliminary efficacy of intranasal transplantation of human neural stem cells (ANGE-S003) in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Intranasal transplantation of ANGE-S003 human neural stem cells showed therapeutic effects and were safe in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the safety and tolerability of this treatment in patients with PD and whether these effects would be apparent in a clinical trial.

Methods: This was a 12-month, single-centre, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 study of 18 patients with advanced PD assigned to four-time intranasal transplantation of 1 of 3 doses: 1.

A long-term prognosis study of human USP8-mutated ACTH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumours.

Objective: Somatic variants in the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) gene are the most common genetic cause of Cushing disease. We aimed to explore the relationship between clinical outcomes and USP8 status in a single centre.

Design, Patients And Measurements: We investigated the USP8 status in 48 patients with pituitary corticotroph tumours.

Considering Context-Specific microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke with Three "W": Where, When, and What.

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that function as critical regulators of various biological processes through negative regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs are potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke. In this review, we first illustrate the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and demonstrate the biogenesis and transportation of microRNAs from cells.

Predicting delayed remission in Cushing's disease using radiomics models: a multi-center study.

Purpose: No multi-center radiomics models have been built to predict delayed remission (DR) after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in Cushing's disease (CD). The present study aims to build clinical and radiomics models based on data from three centers to predict DR after TSS in CD.

Methods: A total of 122 CD patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital, and Fuzhou General Hospital were enrolled between January 2000 and January 2019.

Multi-center application of a convolutional neural network for preoperative detection of cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas.

Objective: Cavernous sinus invasion (CSI) plays a pivotal role in determining management in pituitary adenomas. The study aimed to develop a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to diagnose CSI in multiple centers.

Methods: A total of 729 cases were retrospectively obtained in five medical centers with (n = 543) or without CSI (n = 186) from January 2011 to December 2021.

The advantages of multi-level omics research on stem cell-based therapies for ischemic stroke.

Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. However, despite many years of preclinical research, the application of stem cells is still limited to the clinical trial stage. Although stem cell therapy can be highly beneficial in promoting functional recovery, the precise mechanisms of action that are responsible for this effect have yet to be fully elucidated.