Effect of 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole on the Dual Action of Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Cu and Ta.

When chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of tantalum (Ta)-based barrier layers is done through silicon via (TSV), it is necessary to control the rate selection of copper (Cu) and Ta to prevent the formation of dishing pit formation due to the rapid removal rate (RR) of copper in the via compared to tantalum outside the via. This paper selected 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (TAMZ) as an inhibitor, which has the dual effect of reducing the RR of Cu and increasing the RR of Ta. The experimental results show that the rate selection ratio of Cu and Ta is up to 2.

Unraveling the causal relationship and potential mechanisms between osteoarthritis and breast cancer: insights from mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analysis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of osteoarthritis (OA) on the development of breast cancer (BC), and reveal the potential mechanisms underlying the association between them.

Methods: A two-step, multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was performed, using statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), to determine the effect of OA on BC and explore the role of major depressive disorder (MDD) in mediating it. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were utilized to establish a prognostic model and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Elucidation of the Co state with strong charge-transfer effects in charged LiCoO by resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy at the Co L edge.

To understand the electronic-structure change of LiCoO, a widely used cathode material in Li-ion batteries, during charge-discharge, we performed soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) of the Co L edge in combination with charge-transfer multiplet calculations. The RXES profile significantly changed for the charged state at 4.2 V Li/Li, corresponding to the oxidation reaction from a Co low-spin state for the initial state, while the XAS profile exhibited small changes.

Tough and Stretchable Zwitterionic Eutectogels via Copolymerization-Induced Phase Separation in a Targeted Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based eutectogels show significant promise for flexible sensors due to their high ionic conductivity, non-volatility, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, achieving tough and stretchable eutectogels is challenging, as the highly polar DES tends to screen noncovalent bonds, such as hydrogen and ionic bonds, between polymer chains, limiting their mechanical strength. In this work, this issue is addressed by leveraging the limited solubility of zwitterionic polymers in a specific DES to induce phase separation, promoting dipole-dipole interactions between polymer chains.

Functional assembly of surface microbiota of improves nutrient absorption efficiency and growth.

Macroalgae growth depends on biologically available nitrogen, such as ammonium and nitrate, making nitrogen the most common growth-limiting factor for macroalgae. However, the role of surface microorganisms in promoting nitrogen transformation and improving nitrogen utilization by macroalgae remains unclear. In this study, 228 bacterial strains were isolated from the surface of , and high-throughput sequencing revealed significant shifts in the composition of surface bacterial communities under different nitrogen concentrations.

Resolution of Fenfluramine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Fenfluramine is a medication originally approved for weight loss before being withdrawn for an association with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cardiac valvulopathy. Interest in fenfluramine at lower doses has re-emerged for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Here, we present a case of a patient with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) treated with fenfluramine with development of PAH and tricuspid regurgitation that resolved upon discontinuation.

Subcortical tau deposition and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein as predictors of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between subcortical tau-positron emission tomography (Tau-PET) and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and cognitive function in participants with cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) conditions.

Methods: 105 participants with amyloid (Aβ) PET and Tau-PET scans were enrolled. Region of interest (ROI) level and voxel-wise comparisons were performed between those three groups.

Surgical Trauma Comparison of Inframammary Fold versus Endoscopic Transaxillary Approaches in Breast Augmentation: A 7-Year Cohort Study.

Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess differences in surgical trauma between the inframammary fold approach and endoscopic transaxillary approach in breast augmentation surgery.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-four patients who underwent breast augmentation using either an inframammary fold or endoscopic transaxillary approach were enrolled. All procedures were primary and bilateral cases.

A new verification approach for nowcasting based on intensity and spatial-temporal feature correction.

Forecast verification is very important in the nowcasting operation and technical development of strong convective weather. The current conventional verification method for nowcasting uses a binary classification event verification method, which exists with double punishment, leading to low scoring issues. In order to make up for the shortcomings of conventional verification methods and explore the potential value of forecasting, based on the characteristics and requirements of strong convective weather nowcasting operations, this paper proposes a neighborhood verification method that considers spatial scale, time scale, and intensity error information simultaneously, based on the spatial neighborhood fraction skill score (FSS) verification method.

A nomogram to predict long-term survival after resection for esophageal cancer: An observational study in northeast China.

Objective: This study aims to create a prognostic nomogram by combining clinicopathologic variables that are linked to the overall survival following the surgical removal of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: A total of 224 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgical R0 resection were included. The construction of the nomogram involved using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Favorable outcomes and FDG-PET changes following tocilizumab treatment for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a child.

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is an infrequent yet severe form of epilepsy that rapidly evolves into status epilepticus following a febrile episode. Prompt diagnosis coupled with effective treatment strategies is critical for improving patient outcomes. Herein, we describe the case of an 11-year-old male with FIRES who was successfully treated with tocilizumab, resulting in no further seizures or residual disability.

Dual biomarkers CT-based deep learning model incorporating intrathoracic fat for discriminating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in multi-center cohorts.

Background: Recent studies in the field of lung cancer have emphasized the important role of body composition, particularly fatty tissue, as a prognostic factor. However, there is still a lack of practice in combining fatty tissue to discriminate benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.

Purpose: This study proposes a deep learning (DL) approach to explore the potential predictive value of dual imaging markers, including intrathoracic fat (ITF), in patients with pulmonary nodules.

Deciphering the mechanism of microbial metabolic function shift and dissolved organic matter variation in acidogenic fermentation of waste activated sludge induced by antiviral drugs.

Antiviral drugs (ATVs), as emerging contaminants enriched in wastewater activated sludge (WAS) in wastewater treatment plants, affect subsequent treatment. ATVs have been shown to have negative influences on anaerobic digestion of WAS, but it is unclear how ATVs affect functional microbial metabolic activity and changes in intermediates. Thus, the effect of the anti-HIV drug ritonavir (RIT) on the period of anaerobic fermentation (AF) and the response of microbial community structure were examined in this study.

Effects of a Smartphone-Based Breastfeeding Coparenting Intervention Program on Breastfeeding-Related Outcomes in Couples During First Pregnancy: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: A low breastfeeding rate causes an increased health care burden and negative health outcomes for individuals and society. Coparenting is an essential tactic for encouraging breastfeeding when raising a child. The efficacy of the coparenting interventions in enhancing breastfeeding-related outcomes is controversial.

Switching CO-to-Acetate Electroreduction on Cu Atomic Ensembles.

The electrocatalytic reaction pathway is highly dependent on the intrinsic structure of the catalyst. CO/CO electroreduction has recently emerged as a potential approach for obtaining C products, but it is challenging to achieve high selectivity for a single C product. Herein, we develop a Cu atomic ensemble that satisfies the appropriate site distance and coordination environment required for electrocatalytic CO-to-acetate conversion, which shows outstanding overall performance with an acetate Faradaic efficiency of 70.

Capsaicin-induced Ca overload and ablation of TRPV1-expressing axonal terminals for comfortable tumor immunotherapy.

As a common malignancy symptom, cancer pain significantly affects patients' quality of life. Approximately 60%-90% of patients with advanced cancer experience debilitating pain. Therefore, a comprehensive treatment system that combines cancer pain suppression and tumor treatment could provide significant benefits for these patients.

Sheath-enhanced concentration and on-chip detection of bacteria from an extremely low-concentration level.

Microfluidic-based sheath flow focusing methods have been widely used for efficiently isolating, concentrating, and detecting pathogenic bacteria for various biomedical applications due to their enhanced sensitivity and exceptional integration. However, such a microfluidic device usually needs complicated device fabrication and sample dilution, hampering the efficient and sensitive identification of target bacteria. In this study, we develop and fabricate a sheath-assisted and pneumatic-induced nano-sieve device for achieving the improved on-chip concentration and sensitive detection of (MRSA).

Mitigating neurodegenerative diseases: the protective influence of baicalin and baicalein through neuroinflammation regulation.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a category of serious illnesses characterized by the progressive deterioration of neuronal structure and function. The exploration of natural compounds as potential therapeutic agents has gained increasing attention in recent years owing to their wide range of pharmacological activities and minimal side effects. Baicalin (BAI) and baicalein (BE), polyphenolic flavonoids, derived from the root of , evidently show potential in treating NDDs.

Tough and self-adhesive zwitterionic hydrogels with mechano-responsive release of bFGF for tympanic membrane repair.

The tympanic membrane (TM) is constantly in a state of vibrating. However, there is currently a lack of drug-delivery scaffolds suitable for the dynamic environment of TM perforation. In this study, a mechano-responsive tough hydrogel was developed.

Medicare reimbursement for interventional pain procedures: 2000 to 2023.

Background: An analysis of the financial trends of Interventional Pain (IP) procedures in the United States is lacking. Understanding these relations is necessary to help optimize future IP care delivery and costs.

Objective: To examine Medicare reimbursement trends for IP procedures in both facility and non-facility settings.

Diagnostic ability for common skin diseases among general practitioners working in community health service centers in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Primary care general practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in common skin diseases (CSDs) diagnosis and treatment for community residents. This study investigates their clinical diagnostic ability for CSDs and influencing factors among GPs in Shanghai.

Methods: In 2023, we recruited 5745 GPs in Shanghai, and online survey was conducted among 5745 GPs with written informed consents.

Association Between Uric Acid to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Kidney Function in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The relationship between the uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and kidney function in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) is unclear. Therefore, this research explored the link between the UHR and kidney function in PAs. This research was conducted at the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and involved PA individuals hospitalized between October 2017 and April 2022.