The therapeutic effect and mechanism of carnosic acid in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.

Fungal keratitis is a vision-threatening corneal infectious disease. However, clinically therapeutic medicines cannot attain ideal efficacy due to limited control of fungal virulence and excessive inflammatory response. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene, which has been reported to have multiple abilities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

New insights into cancer immune checkpoints landscape from single-cell RNA sequencing.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy represents a pivotal advancement in tumor immunotherapy by restoring the cytotoxic lymphocytes' anti-tumor activity through the modulation of immune checkpoint functions. Nevertheless, many patients experience suboptimal therapeutic outcomes, likely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, and other factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing has assisted to precisely investigate the immune infiltration patterns before and after ICB treatment, enabling a high-resolution depiction of previously unrecognized functional interaction among immune checkpoints.

Chlorination treatment actuated structural reconstitution and aggravated toxicity of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets to freshwater algae.

The extensive application of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets in various fields involving in water treatment inevitably results in their release into wastewater treatment plants, and eventually into aquatic environments following disinfection. However, little is known about the transformations and toxicity evolution of MoS during chlorination. This study discovered that MoS is unstable to NaClO exposure, and more soluble ions are released under UV/NaClO co-treatment due to the generation of •OH and chlorine radicals.

Photodynamically activated chlorogenic acid-based antimicrobial packaging films for cherry preservation.

Natural photosensitizers offer promising and sustainable solutions to the challenges of food preservation. This study investigates the potential of chlorogenic acid (CA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound with dual photoactive and antimicrobial properties. Under Xenon lamp irradiation (100 mW/cm), CA at a concentration of 0.

STAT1 increases the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma to carbon ion irradiation via HO-1-mediated ferroptosis.

Radiotherapy is a vital treatment agent for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, while radioresistance remains a major factor in treatment failure. Here, we aimed to elucidate how signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) affected sensitivity to carbon ion irradiation for LUAD cells in vivo and in vitro. The results of colony formation, CCK-8, EdU, and calcein-AM/PI double-staining assays demonstrated that the overexpression of STAT1 markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of carbon ion irradiation on the viability of LUAD cells (A549 and PC9 cells).

Single cell analysis reveals that SPP1 macrophages enhance tumor progression by triggering fibroblast extracellular vesicles.

Patients with liver metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have a poor prognosis and are the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but the mechanisms associated with CRC metastasis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we obtained data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and characterized the single-cell profiles of CRC, mCRC and healthy samples at single-cell resolution, and explored the cells that influence CRC metastasis. We find that AQP1 CRC identified as highly malignant tumor cells exhibited proliferative and metastatic characteristics.

A p-n heterojunction sonosensitizer for improved sono-immunotherapy via induction of multimodal cell death mechanisms.

Activating a robust immune system is a crucial strategy for combating solid tumors and preventing recurrences. Studies have shown that cuproptosis and the resulting increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) and modulate the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby activating systemic immunity. Therefore, for this purpose, it is important to design a multifunctional copper-based nanomaterial.

Efficacy and safety of integrating consolidative thoracic radiotherapy with immunochemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a real-world retrospective analysis.

Background: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains a challenging malignancy with a poor prognosis. The integration of immunochemotherapy and combined consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (cTRT) presents a potential paradigm shift in treatment. This study aims to evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of this approach.

Multimodal depression detection based on an attention graph convolution and transformer.

Traditional depression detection methods typically rely on single-modal data, but these approaches are limited by individual differences, noise interference, and emotional fluctuations. To address the low accuracy in single-modal depression detection and the poor fusion of multimodal features from electroencephalogram (EEG) and speech signals, we have proposed a multimodal depression detection model based on EEG and speech signals, named the multi-head attention-GCN_ViT (MHA-GCN_ViT). This approach leverages deep learning techniques, including graph convolutional networks (GCN) and vision transformers (ViT), to effectively extract and fuse the frequency-domain features and spatiotemporal characteristics of EEG signals with the frequency-domain features of speech signals.

Tissue-Adaptable Hydrogel for Mechanically Compliant Bioelectronic Interfaces.

A hydrogel with tissue-like softness and ideal biocompatibility has emerged as a promising candidate for bioelectronics, especially in bidirectional bioelectrical transduction and communication. Conformal standardized hydrogel biointerfaces are in urgent demand to bridge electronic devices and irregular tissue surfaces. Herein, we presented a shape-adaptative electroactive hydrogel with tissue-adapted conductivity (≈1.

Axial Tensile Adhesively Bonded Performance of Carbon Fiber Composite Tubes Under Room-Temperature and Low-Temperature Circulation.

This study investigated the axial tensile performance of adhesively bonded T700/C204 carbon fiber composite and TC4 titanium alloy tubular single-lap joints under three distinct temperature conditions: room temperature, low temperature (-65 °C), and room-low-room-temperature cycling. Two configurations of adhesively bonded joints-composite-composite and composite-titanium-were tested. Specimens were designed to evaluate the influence of spew-fillet and perfect lap configurations on uniaxial tensile bonding strength across varying temperature environments.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in the production of consumer products globally due to the excellent water and oil resistance and anti-fouling properties. The multiple toxic effects of some PFASs also pose a threat to human health and ecosystem, and the frequent use of certain consumer products increased the risk of human exposure to PFASs. More data on the occurrence, concentration, and migration of PFASs in consumer products is urgently needed to address the possible risks posed by exposure to consumer products.

Low leucine levels in the blood enhance the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli.

Neonatal bacterial meningitis is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. Neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli (NMEC) is the most common gram-negative bacteria responsible for this disease. However, the interactions of NMEC with its environment within the host are poorly understood.

Metabolomics and machine learning approaches for diagnostic biomarkers screening in systemic light chain amyloidosis.

Delayed diagnosis of systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis is common and associated with worse survival and early mortality. Current diagnosis still relies on invasive tissue biopsies, highlighting the need for sensitive, noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis. This study aims to identify promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AL amyloidosis.

6-methyladnosine of vRNA facilitates influenza A virus replication by promoting the interaction of vRNA with polymerase proteins.

6-methyladnosine (mA) modification is present in both positive- and negative-strand RNA of influenza A virus (IAV) and affects the replication and pathogenicity of IAV. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of mA in IAV RNA. In the present study, we identified the mA methylation of the viral RNA of different IAV subtypes and confirmed that mA modification promotes the polymerase activity and replication of IAV.

Enhanced Hot/Free Electron Effect for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Based on 3D/2D Graphene/MXene Composite.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting represents a promising strategy to store solar energy as chemical energy. Current photocatalysts primarily focus on traditional semiconductor materials, such as metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, g-CN, etc. However, these materials often suffer from large bandgap and fast charge recombination, which limit sunlight utilization and result in unsatisfactory photon conversion efficiency.

Exploring the standardization of human nasal antibody measurements.

Mucosal immunity is crucial for preventing the infection and transmission of respiratory viruses. Nasal antibody is inversely correlated with a lower risk of infection with respiratory viruses. However, the current reference standard for nasal antibody assessment is serum-based, mainly consisting of monomeric IgG and IgA.

Mechanisms and roles of hydroxychloroquine in pregnancy in rheumatic diseases.

Introduction: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), originally an antimalarial drug, is currently used to treat multiple disorders, especially rheumatic diseases. Given its good efficacy and safety, HCQ is widely administered in pregnant patients. However, the safety profile of HCQ during pregnancy remains controversial due to limited research.

Prediction of Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus During Post-Remission Follow-up.

Purpose: Patients at high risk of SLE flares benefit from being identified before flares; this can be done by predictors of flares. This study aimed to explore the predictive factors and model of SLE flares after remission, providing basis for clinical decision-making.

Patients And Methods: SLE patients recruited at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), were all registered in the Chinese SLE treatment and research (CSTAR) registry cohort and had experienced at least one remission before December 31, 2020.

Mining and analysis of amphotericin B adverse reaction signals: a real-world study based on the FAERS database.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become an increasingly serious public health problem. Amphotericin B (AmB) remains the important component in the treatment of IFIs. But its clinical application is limited due to its adverse reactions.

The structural basis for the human procollagen lysine hydroxylation and dual-glycosylation.

The proper assembly and maturation of collagens necessitate the orchestrated hydroxylation and glycosylation of multiple lysyl residues in procollagen chains. Dysfunctions in this multistep modification process can lead to severe collagen-associated diseases. To elucidate the coordination of lysyl processing activities, we determine the cryo-EM structures of the enzyme complex formed by LH3/PLOD3 and GLT25D1/ColGalT1, designated as the KOGG complex.

Dual-Modality Virtual Biopsy System Integrating MRI and MG for Noninvasive Predicting HER2 Status in Breast Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate determination of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is critical for guiding targeted therapy in breast cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL)-based decision-making visual biomarker system (DM-VBS) for predicting HER2 status using radiomics and DL features derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography (MG).

Materials And Methods: Radiomics features were extracted from MRI, and DL features were derived from MG.

Biodegradable Antimicrobial Gauzes Enabled by Dry Spinning Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate) (PBAT) Fibers.

Biodegradable antimicrobial gauzes are environmentally friendly medical dressings taking essential role in the protection and healing of wounds. Poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) offers a promising platform for exploiting biodegradable antimicrobial gauzes attributed to its exceptional biodegradability, biocompatibility, processability, and flexibility. To date, most work is focused on utilizing electrostatic spinning to fabricate PBAT antimicrobial gauzes.

Revisiting the Origins of Reactivity and Selectivity in the PdL-Cage-Catalyzed Diels-Alder Reactions: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study.

Supramolecular metal-organic cages (MOCs) have gained attention as versatile catalytic platforms due to their self-assembled architectures and well-defined cavities, which mimic enzyme active sites and enable spatial confinement. This confinement modulates the reaction pathways and enhances the catalytic performance. Recent studies highlight their catalytic potential in various organic transformations, but the factors governing the MOC-catalyzed reactions remain incompletely understood.