Untargeted qualitative and targeted quantitative analysis of saponins reveal differential chemotypes of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and G. longipes from different geographical origins.

Jiaogulan herbal tea, known for its pharmacological benefits, is derived from various species within the genus Gynostemma, particular for G. pentaphyllum (GP) and G. longipes (GL).

A longitudinal study of resilience and social function in patients with colorectal cancer and stomas.

Objective: To explore the dynamic changes, influencing factors, and relationships between resilience and social function in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and stomas at different postoperative stages, and to inform precise psychosocial rehabilitation interventions.

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in eastern China from January 2021 to June 2023. Patients completed a self-designed socio-demographic questionnaire one month post-surgery, and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Social Dysfunction Screening Scale (SDSS) at 1, 3, and 5 months post-surgery.

Exosomes secreted from M2-polarized macrophages inhibit osteoclast differentiation via CYLD.

Objective: Bone resorption mediated by osteoclast differentiation induces the occurrence of bone-related diseases. Macrophages, an origin of osteoclasts, whose M2 type can reduce inflammation-induced bone damage. We aimed to investigate the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on osteoclast formation and elucidate its underlying mechanism.

Enhancing the sustainability of rubber materials: Dual benefits of wet mixing technology and recycled rubber's honeycomb reinforcement structure.

The world's three leading tire manufacturers have proposed specific timelines for using recycled materials. For instance, Michelin targets an increase in the proportion of sustainable materials in tires to 40 % by 2030 and aims to produce 100 % of its tires from bio-based, renewable, or recyclable materials as of 2050. In such a context, this study introduced wet mixing technology to apply recycled rubber (RR) in highly wear-resistant tire tread compounds.

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with subwavelength photonic double heterostructures.

Control of transverse modes in the oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is a key issue. We demonstrate a VCSEL with a double heterostructure high-contrast grating (HCG) as the top mirror to control the transverse mode characteristics. Compared with the common HCG-VCSEL with a uniform HCG, theoretically the proposed double heterostructure HCG-VCSEL can suppress the higher-order transverse modes.

High-efficiency single-mode erbium-doped lithium niobate microring laser with milliwatt output power.

Erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) lasers have attracted great interest in recent years due to their compatibility with high-speed electro-optic (EO) modulation on the same platform. In this work, high-efficiency single-mode erbium-doped microring lasers with milliwatt output powers were demonstrated. Monolithic lithium niobate microring resonators using pulley-waveguide-coupling were fabricated by the photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching (PLACE) technique.

Tunable elliptical cylinders for rotational mechanical studies of single DNA molecules.

The angular optical trap (AOT) is a powerful technique for measuring the DNA topology and rotational mechanics of fundamental biological processes. Realizing the full potential of the AOT requires rapid torsional control of these processes. However, existing AOT quartz cylinders are limited in their ability to meet the high rotation rate requirement while minimizing laser-induced photodamage.

A human forebrain organoid model reveals the essential function of GTF2IRD1-TTR-ERK axis for the neurodevelopmental deficits of Williams syndrome.

Williams syndrome (WS; OMIM#194050) is a rare disorder, which is caused by the microdeletion of one copy of 25-27 genes, and WS patients display diverse neuronal deficits. Although remarkable progresses have been achieved, the mechanisms for these distinct deficits are still largely unknown. Here, we have shown that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in WS forebrain organoids display abnormal proliferation and differentiation capabilities, and synapse formation.

Evaluation of fibroinflammatory activity in thyroid eye disease using [F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT: A prospective study.

Purpose: This study evaluates the value of [F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04PET/CT in assessing the disease activity of thyroid eye disease (TED).

Methods: Twenty-three TED patients and ten healthy controls were prospectively recruited and underwent [F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT scans. TED eyes were classified by Clinical Activity Score (CAS) as active (CAS +) or inactive (CAS-).

Divergence in expression of a singing-related neuro-plasticity gene in the brains of two Ficedula flycatchers and their hybrids.

Species-specific sexual traits facilitate species-assortative mating by reducing mating across species and reducing hybrid sexual attractiveness. For learned sexual traits, such as song in oscine birds, species distinctiveness can be eroded when species co-occur. Transcriptional regulatory divergence in brain regions involved in sensory learning are hypothesized to maintain species distinctiveness, but relatively few studies have compared gene expression in relevant brain regions between closely related species.

Structural Basis for Monomer-Dimer Transition of Dri1 Upon Heme Binding.

Domain related to iron (DRI) contains approximately 90 residues and is involved in iron and heme metabolism. Recent discoveries have annotated Dri1, a DRI-only protein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis, as a regulator of succinate dehydrogenase in a b-type heme-dependent manner or as a c-type heme oxygenase. Here, we report high-resolution structures of Dri1 in complex with b-type and c-type hemes, respectively.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Digital Impression Techniques Based on an Integrated ADA Model.

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the accuracy of three digital impression techniques based on an innovative integrated model.

Materials And Methods: The integrated model was created by incorporating crown, inlay, and long-distance specimens from the American Dental Association (ADA) Standard No. 132.

Clinical updates of B‑cell maturation antigen‑targeted therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) and relapsed/refractory MM (Review).

Despite significant progress in managing multiple myeloma (MM) in recent years, certain patients still have a short duration of therapeutic response, often relapsing within 18 months. These patients typically have high‑risk genetic mutations and may show little to no response to current treatments, highlighting the need for further exploration of optimal therapeutic targets for MM. B‑cell maturation antigen (BCMA), highly expressed in mature B lymphocytes and plasma cells and upregulated in MM, is a promising therapeutic target.

Prediction Model and Decision Analysis for Early Recognition of SDNS/FRNS in Children.

Purpose: This study identified factors that identification of progression-predicting utility from steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS) to steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS) in patients and developed a corresponding predictive model.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 756 patients aged 1 to 18 years, diagnosed with SSNS, who received treatment at the Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, between November 2007 and May 2023. We developed a shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) - logistic regression model, which was visualized using a nomogram.

Lower respiratory tract microbiome is associated with checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients.

Background: The gut microbiome is associated with the occurrence and severity of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. However, the relationship between the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiome and checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) in lung cancer patients who underwent immunotherapy is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between the LRT microbiome and CIP in lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.

RSRNeT: a novel multi-modal network framework for named entity recognition and relation extraction.

Named entity recognition (NER) and relation extraction (RE) are two important technologies employed in knowledge extraction for constructing knowledge graphs. Uni-modal NER and RE approaches solely rely on text information for knowledge extraction, leading to various limitations, such as suboptimal performance and low efficiency in recognizing polysemous words. With the development of multi-modal learning, multi-modal named entity recognition (MNER) and multi-modal relation extraction (MRE) have been introduced to improve recognition performance.

Effect of high-intensity intermittent rehabilitation training on physical function, gut microbiome and metabolite after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease.

Background: Postoperative rehabilitation exercise training after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in restoring health and preventing recurrence, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT). However, the impact of HIIT on cardiopulmonary function, gut microbiome and metabolite remains underexplored.

Methods: This study included 60 patients with CHD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Prevalence of respiratory pathogens among hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infection during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Shijiazhuang, China.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have led to changes in the epidemiology of other respiratory pathogens. This study was conducted to explore the epidemiological characteristics of 13 respiratory pathogens, including 11 respiratory viruses and 2 non-classical microorganisms, in hospitalised patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and to compare the prevalence of respiratory pathogens during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective study involving 8979 patients with ARTIs in Shijiazhuang City from December 2019 to December 2023.

Acid-responsive singlet oxygen nanodepots.

The singlet oxygen carrier addresses the challenges of traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT), which relies on the presence of oxygen within solid tumors and struggles with light penetration issues. However, the inability to control the release of singlet oxygen has hindered precise treatment applications. Here, we introduce an acid-responsive singlet oxygen nanodepot (aSOND) designed to overcome this limitation.

Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab Biosimilar (Encoda) Compared With Reference Bevacizumab (Avastin) in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Real-World Study.

Background: The bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda), which was approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China in 2019, is a biosimilar of bevacizumab. Approval of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was based on the extrapolation principle of biosimilar. However, there is currently no available data regarding the efficacy and safety of both bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and bevacizumab in patients with mCRC.

Erratum: Inhibition of STAT3 signaling as critical molecular event in HUC-MSCs suppressed Glioblastoma Cells: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/jca.77905.

The Resting-State Activities of the Angular Gyrus and the Micturition Desire-Awakening Function in Children With and Without Enuresis.

Background: Micturition desire-awakening (MDA) function plays a pivotal role in the development of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE); however, its neural correlates remain largely unexplored. Consequently, this study aimed to identify specific brain regional activities associated with MDA function.

Methods: Neuroimaging data were collected from 173 children with varying MDA functional grade scores at the Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, from July 2018 to November 2022.

mRNA vaccines as cancer therapies.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy often hindered by significant side effects, lack of specificity, and limited efficacy in advanced cases. Among emerging therapeutic strategies, mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable potential due to their adaptability, rapid production, and capability for personalized cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines as a therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their molecular biology, classification, mechanisms, and clinical studies.