Quality control indices for standardized diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in China (2022 edition).

Esophageal cancer (EC) is particularly common in China. With the continuing progress of multi-disciplinary therapy including early screening, minimally invasive techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival of EC has been improved in China. However, there are considerable disparities in the diagnosis and treatment quality among different regions.

Effect of Adjuvant Radiation Dose on Survival in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: For patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with surgery alone, the incidence of local-regional recurrence remains unfavorable. Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) has been associated with increased local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), although its application is limited by concerns of PORT-related toxicities. Methods: Among 3591 patients with ESCC analyzed in this study, 2765 patients with T3-4N0 and T1-4N1-3 lesions and specific local-regional status information were analyzed in a subsequent analysis of adjuvant radiation dose (aRTD) effect.

Progression-free survival as surrogate endpoint of overall survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a real-world data and literature-based analysis.

Background: The surrogacy of progression-free survival (PFS) for overall survival (OS) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unelucidated. This study aimed to determine the validity of PFS as a surrogate endpoint for OS in ESCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy (dRT/dCRT), as well as characterize the prognostic factors and survival of such patients.

Methods: A total of 3662 patients from 10 cancer centers were enrolled.

Survival benefit of surgery in patients with clinical T4 esophageal cancer who achieved complete or partial response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the long-term survival of patients with cT4 esophageal cancer (EC) and whether neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy plus surgery (nCRT/RT + S) is superior to definitive CRT(dCRT)/RT in terms of survival in cT4 EC downstaged after nCRT/RT.

Summary Background Data: Treatment options for cT4 EC include dCRT/RT and nCRT/RT + S, but it is not clear whether the latter provides survival benefit in patients downstaged after nCRT/RT.

Methods: From 2002 to 2017, 726 patients with cT4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were retrospectively analyzed.

Whole exome analysis reveals the genomic profiling related to chemo-resistance in Chinese population with limited-disease small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The mechanism of chemo-resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is unclear. This study aims to explore the resistance-related genomic profiles of residual tumors after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in SCLC through the whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Experimental Design: A total of 416 limited diseases (LD) SCLC patients underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed, of which 40 patients received NAC.

Recurrence risk stratification based on a competing-risks nomogram to identify patients with esophageal cancer who may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy.

Background: A reliable model is needed to estimate the risk of postoperative recurrence and the benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer (TESCC).

Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed 3652 TESCC patients in stage IB-IVA after radical esophagectomy, with or without PORT. In one institution as the training cohort ( = 1620), independent risk factors associated with locoregional recurrence (LRR), identified by the competing-risks regression, were used to establish a predicting nomogram, which was validated in an external cohort ( = 1048).

Upregulation of OATP1A2 in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via the HDAC6-GCN5/PCAF-H3K9Ac axis.

1. OATP1A2 overexpressed is involved in chemotherapy disposition, indicating its role in tumour development and progression.2.

The status of medical physics in radiotherapy in China.

Purpose: To present an overview of the status of medical physics in radiotherapy in China, including facilities and devices, occupation, education, research, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The information about medical physics in clinics was obtained from the 9-th nationwide survey conducted by the China Society for Radiation Oncology in 2019. The data of medical physics in education and research was collected from the publications of the official and professional organizations.

Clinical practice and outcome of radiotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between 2002 and 2018 in China: the multi-center 3JECROG Survey.

Purpose: To determine the survival and prognostic factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients undergoing radical (chemo)radiotherapy in the era of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in China.

Material And Methods: The Jing-Jin-Ji Esophageal and Esophagogastric Cancer Radiotherapy Oncology Group (3JECROG) conducted the first nationwide survey of nine institutions. Detailed information was accumulated on 5185 patients with ESCC who received definitive 3DCRT/IMRT between 2002 and 2018.

Chemoradiotherapy with extended nodal irradiation and/or erlotinib in locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer: long-term update of a randomised phase 3 trial.

Background: To report the long-term outcomes of a phase III trial designed to test two hypotheses: (1) elective nodal irradiation (ENI) is superior to conventional field irradiation (CFI), and (2) chemoradiotherapy plus erlotinib is superior to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).

Methods: Patients with locally advanced ESCC were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1 ratio) to one of the four groups: A: radiotherapy adoption of ENI with two cycles of concurrent TP chemotherapy (paclitaxel and cisplatin) plus erlotinib; B: radiotherapy adoption of ENI with two cycles of concurrent TP; C: radiotherapy adoption of CFI with two cycles of concurrent TP plus erlotinib and D: radiotherapy adoption of CFI with two cycles of concurrent TP. A total of 60 Gy of radiation doses was delivered over 30 fractions.

Prediction of Radiation Pneumonitis With Dose Distribution: A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Based Model.

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the major side effects of thoracic radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to build a dose distribution based prediction model, and investigate the correlation of RP incidence and high-order features of dose distribution. A convolution 3D (C3D) neural network was used to construct the prediction model.

Different administration routes of recombinant human endostatin combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy might lead to different efficacy and safety profile in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: Updated follow-up results from two phase II trials.

Background: There are two main choices of administration route of recombinant human endostatin (Endostar) available and the treatment options of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) have changed over time. The aim of this study was to observe the long-term efficacy and safety of different administration routes of Endostar combined with CCRT.

Methods: Patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from two phase II trials were included as two cohorts.

Dosiomics: Extracting 3D Spatial Features From Dose Distribution to Predict Incidence of Radiation Pneumonitis.

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the major toxicities of thoracic radiation therapy. RP incidence has been proven to be closely associated with the dosimetric factors and normal tissue control possibility (NTCP) factors. However, because these factors only utilize limited information of the dose distribution, the prediction abilities of these factors are modest.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and nuclear factor-κB play important roles in regulating programmed cell death ligand 1 expression by epidermal growth factor receptor mutants in non-small-cell lung cancer cells.

Some driver gene mutations, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have been reported to be involved in expression regulation of the immunosuppressive checkpoint protein programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. We investigated the potential role and precise mechanism of EGFR mutants in PD-L1 expression regulation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Examination of pivotal EGFR signaling effectors in 8 NSCLC cell lines indicated apparent associations between PD-L1 overexpression and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, especially with increased protein levels of phospho-IκBα (p-IκBα) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

Impact of thoracic radiation therapy after chemotherapy on survival in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: The role of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) after chemotherapy (CHT) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has not been well defined. We investigated whether intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) improves outcomes in ES-SCLC after CHT compared to CHT alone.

Methods: A total of 292 patients who reached a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) after CHT were assigned into groups: CHT + TRT and CHT alone.

Random Error Analysis of MEMS Gyroscope Based on an Improved DAVAR Algorithm.

In view that traditional dynamic Allan variance (DAVAR) method is difficult to make a good balance between dynamic tracking capabilities and the confidence of the estimation. And the reason is the use of a rectangular window with the fixed window length to intercept the original signal. So an improved dynamic Allan variance method was proposed.

Improved Virtual Gyroscope Technology Based on the ARMA Model.

In view of the large output noise and low precision of the Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) gyroscope, the virtual gyroscope technology was used to fuse the data of the MEMS gyroscope to improve its output precision. Random error model in the conventional virtual gyroscopes contained an angular rate random walk and angle random walk ignoring other noise items and the virtual gyroscope technology can not compensate all random errors of MEMS gyroscope. So, the improved virtual gyroscope technology based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model was proposed.

MicroRNA-886-3P functions as a tumor suppressor in small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease and miRNAs may play an important role in modulating SCLC progression. We have previously screened 924 miRNAs and found that miR-886-3P was negatively associated with SCLC survival. In the current study, we further investigated the role of miR-886-3P mimic in regulating SCLC cell phenotypic alteration in vitro and xenograft tumor formation in vivo.

Randomised phase III trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with extended nodal irradiation and erlotinib in patients with inoperable oesophageal squamous cell cancer.

Background: This randomised phase III study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of extended nodal irradiation (ENI) and/or erlotinib in inoperable oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).

Patients And Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced ESCC or medically inoperable disease were randomly assigned (ratio 1:1:1:1) to one of four treatment groups: group A, radiotherapy adoption of ENI with two cycles of concurrent TP chemotherapy (paclitaxel 135 mg/m day 1 and cisplatin 20 mg/m days 1-3, every 4 weeks) plus erlotinib (150 mg per day during chemoradiotherapy); group B, radiotherapy adoption of ENI with two cycles of concurrent TP; group C, radiotherapy adoption of conventional field irradiation (CFI) with two cycles of concurrent TP plus erlotinib; group D, radiotherapy adoption of CFI with two cycles of concurrent TP.

Results: A total of 352 patients (88 assigned to each treatment group) were enrolled.

Development of a Data-Independent Targeted Metabolomics Method for Relative Quantification Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Quantitative metabolomics approaches can significantly improve the repeatability and reliability of metabolomics investigations but face critical technical challenges, owing to the vast number of unknown endogenous metabolites and the lack of authentic standards. The present study contributes to the development of a novel method known as "data-independent targeted quantitative metabolomics" (DITQM), which was used to investigate the label-free quantitative metabolomics of multiple known and unknown metabolites in biofluid samples. This approach initially involved the acquisition of MS/MS data for all metabolites in biosamples using a sequentially stepped targeted MS/MS (sst-MS/MS) method, in which multiple product ion scans were performed by selecting all ions in the targeted mass ranges as the precursor ions.

DCE-MRI Perfusion and Permeability Parameters as predictors of tumor response to CCRT in Patients with locally advanced NSCLC.

In this prospective study, 36 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) before concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) were enrolled. Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out after non-rigid motion registration. The perfusion parameters [including Blood Flow (BF), Blood Volume (BV), Mean Transit Time (MTT)] and permeability parameters [including endothelial transfer constant (K), reflux rate (K), fractional extravascular extracellular space volume (V), fractional plasma volume (V)] were calculated, and their relationship with tumor regression was evaluated.

Efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for resected thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Little is known about the clinical use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) of esophageal cancer; therefore, we retrospectively investigated the clinical value of postoperative IMRT among resected thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) patients.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 228 patients with resected TESCC who underwent IMRT between January 2004 and June 2009 in the study. PORT was applied via IMRT with a median total dose of 60 Gy.

Residual lymph node status is an independent prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma with pathologic T0 after preoperative radiotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors affecting survival in esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma (ESCC) patients with pathologic T0 (ypT0) underwent preoperative radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred and ninety-six patients with ESCC who had received preoperative radiotherapy from 1980 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred patients were ypT0 after preoperative radiotherapy.

Postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy improved survival in lymph node-positive or stage III thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effect of postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on recurrence and survival in lymph node-positive or stage III thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) patients, and evaluate its role in TESCC therapy.

Methods: We enrolled 538 patients who underwent radical resection with (S + R) or without (S) postoperative IMRT. The median total postoperative IMRT dose was 60 Gy.

Prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with preoperative radiotherapy: Comparison of different cancer staging systems.

Background: The 7th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis (AJCC TNM) staging system was published in 2010. Here we evaluate its predictive ability and compare the 6th and 7th editions of the AJCC TNM staging systems in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) with preoperative radiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 296 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy between 1980 and 2007 were included.