Optimizing the Schoenemann Reaction for Colorimetric Assays of VX and GD.

The analysis of nerve agents is the focus of chemical warfare agent determination because of their extreme toxicity. A classical chemical colorimetric method, namely, the Schoenemann reaction, has been developed to detect G agents; however, it has not been utilized for VX analysis mainly because of its low peroxyhydrolysis rate. In this study, based on the mechanism of the Schoenemann reaction, a novel rapid quantitative determination method for VX was developed by optimizing the reaction conditions, such as concentrations of peroxide and the indicator, temperature, and reaction time.

Pretreatment Method for Chloramine-T Decon Sample Before GC Analysis of HD and VX.

Chloramine-T, especially its solution in weak acidity, is one of the decontaminants for chemical warfare agents (CWAs), HD, and VX. A high CWAs recovery from decontamination (decon) sample via pretreatment was essential for evaluating decontamination effects. This paper performed experiments to optimize pretreatment methods to extract residual CWAs from chloramine-T decon samples before GC analysis.

Pretreatment method for hypochlorite decon water before GC analysis of HD, VX, and GD.

Active chlorine decontaminants like hypochlorite are used to destroy chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as HD, VX and GD due to the former's strong oxidation capacity and high nucleophilicity. In this paper, experiments were performed to identify the main factors affecting agent recovery from decon water. Based on the results, a method to recover residual CWAs from hypochlorite decon water before quantitative determination by GC was developed.

A fluorescent probe bearing two reactive groups discriminates between fluoride-containing G series and sulfur-containing V series nerve agents.

Herein, we present an approach to design a fluorescent molecule for detection and discrimination of fluoride-containing G series and sulfur-containing V series nerve agents. FP1 bearing two reactive groups can react with fluorides and thiols from the two types of nerve agents and generate different products with obvious and diverse fluorescences, which will be helpful when dealing with terrorist crises.

[Measurement and analysis of the imaging dose with megavoltage computed tomography for helical tomotherapy].

Background & Objective: During the helical tomotherapy process, megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) images are usually used for guiding the precise setup of patients before/after treatment delivery, which would certainly increase the total dose for patients. This study was to investigate the imaging dose of MVCT using the body and head phantom on a tomotherapy machine.

Methods: A set of cylindrical body and head phantoms was adopted for scanning with different pitch values (1.

[Endoscopic, clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of gastric stromal tumor].

Background & Objective: For gastric stromal tumor (GST), the low incidence and high diversity in endoscopic and pathologic manifestations lead to misdiagnosis. This study was to explore the features of GST in endoscopy and clinicopathology.

Methods: Clinical data of 42 GST patients, treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan.

Photoassisted reaction of chemical warfare agent VX droplets under UV light irradiation.

A photoassisted reaction of O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX) droplets in air was carried out. The experimental results indicated that VX droplets could be easily and chemically transformed into other compounds under irradiation of a germicidal lamp over sufficient time. Quantum chemical calculation results demonstrated that UV light less than 278 nm wavelength could possibly initiate photoreaction of VX and that both P-S and P=O bonds in the VX molecule were lengthened.

Photoassisted reaction of sulfur mustard under UV light irradiation.

The photoassisted reaction of sulfur mustard (HD) in both the vapor and droplet states under UV light irradiation was investigated. It was found that HD molecules in either the gas or the condensed phase could be easily converted into other chemicals under the irradiation of a germicidal lamp. The products detected upon reaction suggested that the photoassisted reaction of HD molecules in the gas phase produced a kind of nontoxic heavy polymer, and this method seemed to be applicable for decontamination of air.

[Associated risk factors of fatty liver in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To analyze the associated risk factors, clinical characteristics and laboratory abnormalities of type 2 diabetes patients with fatty liver.

Methods: The data of type 2 diabetes cases with fatty liver were collected in our hospital. 63 cases of type 2 diabetes without fatty liver were selected randomly as control during the same period.