FG7142 combined with restraint stress induces anxiogenic-like effects via downregulation gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors expression in the hippocampus.

Objectives: The existing anxiety animal models are susceptible to interference, and no single animal anxiety model can predict the future anxiolytic potential and profile of new putative anxiolytics. Therefore, to find a better anxiety animal model, we used FG7142, a nonselective benzodiazepine inverse agonist. This anxiety animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of FG7142 combined with restraint stress.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced memory impairments in rats.

Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is one of the most active components found in ginseng and provides important benefits to the central nervous system, especially for the improvement of learning and memory. Previous studies demonstrated that Rb1 protected against scopolamine-induced amnesia and exhibited memory-enhancing effects in the SAMP8 mouse model. However, the effects of Rb1 against chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced cognitive impairments, especially the role of Rg1 on the performance of reward directed instrumental conditioning have not been investigated.

The Protective Effect of Lavender Essential Oil and Its Main Component Linalool against the Cognitive Deficits Induced by D-Galactose and Aluminum Trichloride in Mice.

Lavender essential oil (LO) is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It was extracted from Mill. This study was designed to investigate the effects of lavender essential oil (LO) and its active component, linalool (LI), against cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and AlCl in mice and to explore the related mechanisms.

Protective effects of linalool against amyloid beta-induced cognitive deficits and damages in mice.

Aim: Amyloid-beta (Aβ)-mediated neurotoxicity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which induces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Linalool (LI) is a volatile monoterpene showing positive effect in AD treatment. This study was designed to research the protective effect of LI against neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits induced by Aβ in mice.

Effects of the chronic restraint stress induced depression on reward-related learning in rats.

Chronic mild or unpredictability stress produces a persistent depressive-like state. The main symptoms of depression include weight loss, despair, anhedonia, diminished motivation and mild cognition impairment, which could influence the ability of reward-related learning. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic restraint stress on the performance of reward-related learning of rats.

Generation and analysis of the Rett syndrome-associated MeCP2- null rat model.

MeCP2 mutations are associated with the Rett syndrome (RTT). Currently, there is an urgent need for new animal models for RTT as the existing MeCP2 knockout mouse models fail to fully mimic the pathogenesis and symptoms of RTT patients. In order to investigate the role of MeCP2 in brain development and RTT pathogenesis, we aimed to set up the MeCP2-null rat model using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Is adjunctive treatment with medication of liver-soothing-oriented method beneficial for depression after cerebrovascular accident?: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

Background: Adjunctive treatment with medication of liver-soothing-oriented method (MLSM) is one of the most commonly used approaches for subjects with depression after cerebrovascular accident (DCVA) in China. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the outcome of MLSM treatment in subjects with DCVA using relevant published literature.

Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Sinomed, and VIP were used to collect all publications until March 2016.

Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Learning and Memory in a Reward-directed Instrumental Conditioning Task in Chronic Restraint Stressed Rats.

Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active ingredients of Panax ginseng and has showed notable improving learning and memory effects in several behavioral tasks, such as water maze, shuttle-box, and step-through, based on avoidance. However, there was no report about the role of Rg1 on the performance of reward-directed instrumental conditioning, which could reflect the adaptive capacity to ever-changing environments. Thus, in this study, the reward devaluation test and conditional visual discrimination task were conducted to study the ameliorating effects of Rg1 on cognitive deficits, especially the loss of adaptation capacity in chronic restraint stress (CRS) rat model.

Protective effect of lavender oil on scopolamine induced cognitive deficits in mice and HO induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lavender essential oil (LO), an aromatic liquid extracted from Lavandula angustifolia Mill., has been traditionally used in the treatments of many nervous system diseases, and recently LO also reported to be effective for the Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Aim Of The Study: The improvement effect of lavender oil (LO) on the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice and HO induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells have been evaluated.

Cognitive-enhancing effects of hydrolysate of polygalasaponin in SAMP8 mice.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing effects of hydrolysate of polygalasaponin (HPS) on senescence accelerate mouse P8 (SAMP8) mice, an effective Alzheimer's disease (AD) model, and to research the relevant mechanisms.

Methods: The cognitive-enhancing effects of HPS on SAMP8 mice were assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) and step-through passive avoidance tests. Then N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit expression for both the cortex and hippocampus of mice was observed using Western blotting.

Do Chinese Researchers Conduct Ethical Research and Use Ethics Committee Review in Clinical Trials of Anti-Dementia Drugs? An Analysis of Biomedical Publications Originating from China.

Background: Medical research using human participants must conform to the basic ethical principles found in the Declaration of Helsinki (DoH) of the World Medical Association.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to assess whether journals in China have improved in regard to the fulfillment of ethical disclosure procedures for clinical trials of anti-dementia drugs.

Methods: Four medical databases were searched for articles reporting clinical trials of oral anti-dementia drugs published in China in 2003, 2009, and 2014.

Can Chinese Herbal Medicine Adjunctive Therapy Improve Outcomes of Senile Vascular Dementia? Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

Many publications have reported the growing application of complementary and alternative medicine, particularly the use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in combination with routine pharmacotherapy (RP) for senile vascular dementia (SVD), but its efficacy remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CHM adjunctive therapy (CHMAT), which is CHM combined with RP, in the treatment of SVD. Publications in seven electronic databases were searched extensively, and 27 trials with a total of 1961 patients were included for analysis.

Modified Si-Miao-San () regulates adipokine expression and ameliorates insulin resistance by targeting IKKβ/Insulin receptor substrate-1 in mice.

Objective: To evaluate modified Si-Miao-San (mSMS, ) regulation of insulin sensitivity and explore the molecular mechanism by which mSMS inhibits inflammation and improves insulin action in mice.

Methods: Insulin resistant model in mice was prepared by stimulation with macrophage-derived condition medium (Mac-CM) and the effects of mSMS on oral glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and liver glycogen content in mice was observed. The mice adipose tissue was isolated and the regulation of inflammation-related adipokine expression and insulin phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling transduction by mSMS was investigated.