Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Potential Biomarkers and Prominent Features in HIV/AIDS Patients Co-Infected with SARS-CoV-2.

The underlying mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers for the progress of COVID-19 in HIV patients have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the aim is to analyze the metabolomic profiles of HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to identify biomarkers indicative of co-infection. In this study, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of peripheral blood samples collected from 30 HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (pc group) and 30 patients without SARS-CoV-2 (nc group).

Population-based age-period-cohort analysis of declining Human Papillomavirus prevalence.

Background: Most countries in the world have launched human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes and declining prevalences of HPV are reported. We aimed to disentangle the influences of calendar time, birth cohort and age by analysing HPV prevalences in the population-based cervical screening programme using age-period-cohort modelling.

Methods: All 836,314 primary HPV-based cervical screening tests from women aged 23-64 between 2014-2023 in the capital region of Sweden were identified in the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry.

Evaluation of primary HPV-based cervical screening among older women: Long-term follow-up of a randomized healthcare policy trial in Sweden.

Background: Evidence on invasive cervical cancer prevention among older women is limited, especially with the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening and longer interval. We conducted a long-term follow-up of the first phase of a randomized healthcare policy trial in cervical screening, targeting women aged 56 to 61 years old, to investigate the effectiveness of primary HPV-based screening in preventing invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and the safety of extending screening interval.

Methods And Findings: The randomized healthcare policy trial of primary HPV-based cervical screening targeted women residing in Stockholm-Gotland region during 2012 to 2016, aged 30 to 64 years.

Brief communication: efficacy and safety of the dolutegravir/lamivudine dual therapy in antiretroviral treatment-experienced Chinese people living with HIV.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG/3TC) in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH). A total of 303 PLWH in Shanghai, China, who switched from triple ART to DTG/3TC between January 2019 and June 2022, with a minimum ART duration of 6 months, were retrospectively enrolled. More than 95% of PLWH maintained viral suppression with no significant changes in CD4 counts 12 months after switching.

Ru-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation of 4-Aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidines with Diazo Compounds: An Access to Fluorescent Fused Heteroarenes.

A Ru(II)-catalyzed migratory insertion of carbene into C-H bonds of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidines has been developed. This transformation endows the facile fabrication of C-C bonds with high atom economy, good regioselectivity, and wide functional group tolerance, exploiting the directing properties of pyrimidinic nitrogen. In addition, the planar polycyclic pyrrolo-pyrimido-isoindole framework has been accomplished from a cascade reaction of bromination, cyclization, and decarboxylation of synthesized products.

Human papillomavirus-based cervical screening and long-term cervical cancer risk: a randomised health-care policy trial in Sweden.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical screening is a globally recommended public health policy. Randomised clinical trials find superior performance of primary HPV-based screening compared with cytology for preventing cervical cancer. However, additional evidence from real-world public health policies is needed.

Anti-PD-L1 antibody ASC22 in combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide as a "shock and kill" strategy for ART-free virological control: a phase II single-arm study.

The combination of ASC22, an anti-PD-L1 antibody potentially enhancing HIV-specific immunity and chidamide, a HIV latency reversal agent, may serve as a strategy for antiretroviral therapy-free virological control for HIV. People living with HIV, having achieved virological suppression, were enrolled to receive ASC22 and chidamide treatment in addition to their antiretroviral therapy. Participants were monitored over 24 weeks to measure changes in viral dynamics and the function of HIV-specific CD8 T cells (NCT05129189).

The role of mental illness and neurodevelopmental conditions in human papillomavirus vaccination uptake within the Swedish school-based vaccination programme: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Despite documented mental illness-related disparities in cervical cancer screening and incidence, insufficient data exist on differences in cervical cancer prevention strategies, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. We aimed to investigate the association of mental illness and neurodevelopmental conditions among girls and their parents with uptake of HPV vaccination in Sweden.

Methods: This population-based cohort study was based on the Swedish school-based HPV vaccination programme, which offers the first vaccine dose to girls aged 10-13 years, with a second dose offered within 12 months.

Trends in Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Outcomes of Patients with HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Shanghai, China, 2013-2023.

The study aimed to analyze changes in the clinical and epidemiological aspects of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients and to identify factors influencing their prognosis. Clinical data of patients with HIV-associated CM treated in Shanghai, China between 2013 and 2023 were collected. This study included 279 cases, 2.

Nationwide registry-based trial of risk-stratified cervical screening.

In well-screened populations, most cervical cancers arise from small groups of women with inadequate screening. The present study aims to assess whether registry-based cancer risk assessment could be used to increase screening intensity among high-risk women. The National Cervical Screening Registry identified the 28,689 women residents in Sweden who had either no previous cervical screening or a screening history indicating high risk.

Prevalence and associated factors of low bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: This study examined low bone mineral density (BMD) prevalence and associated factors among Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH), uncovering a persistent high BMD risk in older individuals, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Notably, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy was linked to reduced BMD, highlighting the imperative need for regular BMD monitoring and interventions in older PLWH.

Purpose: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been shown to contribute to lower BMD, resulting in an increased susceptibility to osteopenia and osteoporosis.

The Swedish Cervical Screening Cohort.

The Cervical Screening Cohort enrols women screened for human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical abnormalities within the capital region of Sweden from the organised screening program and the non-organised testing of cervical samples. The cohort started in 2011 and has enrolled more than 670,000 women, contributing with more than 1.2 million biobanked samples.

Cervical cancer screening using DNA methylation triage in a real-world population.

Cervical cancer (CC) screening in women comprises human papillomavirus (HPV) testing followed by cytology triage of positive cases. Drawbacks, including cytology's low reproducibility and requirement for short screening intervals, raise the need for alternative triage methods. Here we used an innovative triage technique, the WID-qCIN test, to assess the DNA methylation of human genes DPP6, RALYL and GSX1 in a real-life cohort of 28,017 women aged ≥30 years who attended CC screening in Stockholm between January and March 2017.

Antidepressant use and ovarian cancer risk: Evidence from nationwide studies with >14,000 cases from Denmark and Sweden.

Objective: Given that the evidence regarding the link between antidepressant use and ovarian cancer risk is equivocal, we investigated this research question by conducting two nationwide nested case-control studies among the Danish and Swedish populations.

Methods: Altogether, 14,121 women with epithelial ovarian cancer (30-84 years old) (Denmark: 8976 diagnosed 2000-2019, Sweden: 5145 diagnosed 2010-2018) were randomly age-matched with 564,840 female controls (359,040 from Denmark, and 205,800 from Sweden) using risk set sampling. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) and combined the estimates based on the fixed-effect assumption.

Trends in and Risk Factors for Drug Resistance in in HIV-Infected Patients.

Trends in and risk factors for drug resistance in () in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with active tuberculosis were analyzed. The clinical data of and HIV-coinfected patients treated at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center between 2010 and 2022 were collected. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by solid or liquid culture.

Incidence of oncogenic HPV infection in women with and without mental illness: A population-based cohort study in Sweden.

Background: Women with mental illness experience an increased risk of cervical cancer. The excess risk is partly due to low participation in cervical screening; however, it remains unknown whether it is also attributable to an increased risk of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). We aimed to examine whether women with mental illness had an increased infection rate of HPV compared to women without mental illness.

Low-dose aspirin use and risk of ovarian cancer: a combined analysis from two nationwide studies in Denmark and Sweden.

Background: Studies on association between low-dose aspirin use and ovarian cancer risk were mostly based on self-reported medication use and few had large enough sample size to investigate the potential modification effect by ovarian cancer risk factors.

Methods: In these two nationwide nested case-control studies among the Danish and Swedish female population, 11,874 women with ovarian cancer (30-84 years old) (Denmark: 7328 diagnosed in 2000-2019, Sweden: 4546 diagnosed in 2010-2018) were randomly age- matched with 473,960 female controls (293,120 from Denmark, and 181,840 from Sweden). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and combined the estimates based the fixed-effect assumption.

Role of thymosin α1 in restoring immune response in immunological nonresponders living with HIV.

Background: Immunological nonresponders (INRs) living with HIV are at increased risk of co-infection and multiple tumors, with no effective strategy currently available to restore their T-cell immune response. This study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of thymosin α1 in reconstituting the immune response in INRs.

Methods: INRs with CD4 + T cell counts between 100 and 350 cells/μL were enrolled and received two-staged 1.

Ruthenium-catalysed direct C-H amidation of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidines with acyl/phosphoryl azides.

A ruthenium-catalysed arene C-H amidation of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidine derivatives with acyl azides or phosphoryl azides as the nitrogen sources toward C-N bond formation was developed. This protocol could offer a novel and direct approach to access a series of amidated and phosphoramidated pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidine derivatives in moderate to good yields, thereby evading the general Curtius rearrangement. The protocol features significant functional group tolerance and a single-step process, with the release of only innocuous molecular nitrogen as the byproduct.

Impact of cervical screening by human papillomavirus genotype: Population-based estimations.

Background: Cervical screening programs use testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Different HPV types differ greatly in prevalence and oncogenicity. We estimated the impact of cervical screening and follow-up for each HPV type.

Overall and Cervical Cancer Survival in Patients With and Without Mental Disorders.

Importance: Individuals with a mental disorder experience substantial health disparity and are less likely to participate in cervical screening and human papillomavirus vaccination. Additionally, this population may benefit less from tertiary cancer prevention.

Objective: To compare clinical characteristics and survival patterns between patients with cervical cancer with and without a preexisting diagnosis of a mental disorder at the time of cervical cancer diagnosis.

Long-term follow-up of cervical cancer incidence after normal cytological findings.

An increase in cervical cancer incidence in Sweden from 2014 to 2015 has been attributed to an increase in false-negative cytological findings before cancer diagnoses. Years later, we performed a long-term follow-up to investigate whether the problem persisted. At each calendar year from 2016 to 2020, we identified women with prior normal cervical screening results through linkage to the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry.

A pilot study of risk-stratified cervical cancer screening.

Cervical screening programs target entire populations, although it is well established that cervical cancer risks can vary >100-fold based, in particular, on the woman's screening history. Since cervical screening switched to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the primary screening method, the risk differences are even larger as different HPV types may vary in associated cancer risk by 100 times. Furthermore, HPV infections with the most oncogenic types are declining dramatically because of HPV vaccination programs.