Soil aggregation alterations under soil microplastic and biochar addition and aging process.

Soil microplastics (MPs) are a substantial threat to soil health, particularly by disrupting soil aggregation. Additionally, MPs undergo aging processes in the soil, which may significantly alter their long-term impacts on soil structure. To investigate these effects, we conducted an eight-month soil incubation experiment, examining the influence of MPs and their aging on soil aggregation.

Efficient coupling of dual beam combined laser into micro water jet for deep processing.

In order to improve the power and energy of water-jet-guided laser, this paper introduces a double beam water-jet-guided laser (DWJL) technology. Based spatially polarized light combination and temporal phase modulation, two lasers are effectively coupled into a water jet with diameter of 100 μm. The maximum output peak power reaches 100 kW and the maximum pulse energy is 4.

Integration of untargeted lipidomics and targeted metabolomics revealed the mechanism of flavor formation in lightly cured sea bass driven via salt.

Salt enhances flavor and salinity in Chinese curing; however, excessive use can pose health risks, while reducing NaCl may harm taste. This study utilized targeted and untargeted metabolomics to investigate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms that drive flavor formation in cured sea bass subjected to salt. Glycine, succinic acid, lactic acid and uridine significantly contributed to the taste profile of the cured sea bass.

Assessment and analysis of motor-free visual perception abilities among children aged 5-12 years in Xuzhou, China.

Motor-free visual perception abilities are important reference indicator for children's literacy skills. In the absence of Chinese norms, this study utilized the motor-free visual perception test-4 (MVPT-4) to assess the visual perception abilities of children aged 5-12 years in Xuzhou, China, to lay the foundation for establishing standardized norms in China. From May to July 2023, a stratified random sampling method was used to conduct MVPT-4 evaluation on 525 kindergarten and primary school children in Xuzhou, China.

Functional effects of BMPR1B in porcine endometrium provides novel insights into the high fecundity of Taihu pigs.

Litter size in pigs is affected by factors such as ovulation number, embryonic survival, and uterine environment conditions. Endometrial epithelial and stromal cells represent the first site of contact between the embryo and sows; therefore, dynamic changes in the growth and development of these cells are among the major factors affecting the intrauterine environment and implantation. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B (BMPR1B) is a receptor of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family that has been identified as a candidate gene for reproductive traits in pigs.

It is time to reevaluate the lard in glucose homeostasis and diabetes pathogenesis.

Most modern dietary guidelines recommend limiting lard and animal fats due to their potential link to metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that lard may not significantly contribute to diabetes and that moderate lard intake could even benefit lipid metabolism. This commentary suggests a reevaluation of lard’s classification as a “bad actor” in the context of diabetes, urging colleagues to give greater consideration to and empirically validate this intriguing hypothesis.

Mechanism of differentiated and targeted catalysis in complex lipid system under lipase and lipoxygenase mediation.

The regulation of reaction rate differentiation, catalytic precursor differentiation, and end-product differentiation during enzyme-mediated reactions within complex lipid systems is a key area of research in flavor regulation. A multilayer lipid oxidation model, utilizing Plaice bone oil (PBO), lipase, and lipoxygenase, was employed to investigate oxidation differences between various lipids and corresponding flavor formation patterns. Lipase treatment resulted in higher levels of non‑oxygenated volatile compounds and saturated aldehydes, whereas lipoxygenase treatment increased oxygenated compounds, particularly (E)-2-hexenal, 1-penten-3-one, and 2-pentylfuran.

The Application of a New Framework Construction Technique in Autologous Costal Cartilage Rhinoplasty.

Background: In this study, the clinical efficacy of a new framework construction technique for costal cartilage rhinoplasty was investigated.

Methods: From January 2020 to February 2022, patients who underwent rhinoplasty in the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled. The sixth costal cartilage was made into the nasal columellar support graft (strut), the nasal tip graft integrated scaffold, and the septal extension grafts.

Comparing unilateral and bilateral cerebral perfusion during total arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection.

Objectives: To assess the effects of unilateral versus bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (u-ACP vs. b-ACP) on postoperative complications and mid-term follow-up results in Asian patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) undergoing total arch replacement (TAR) + the frozen elephant trunk (FET).

Methods: Clinical baseline data and postoperative complications of 702 ATAAD patients undergoing TAR + FET at China Cardiovascular Centre Fuwai Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 were collected.

Tea marinating-induced improvement of quality in roasted chicken: The potential relationship between tea, flavor, and hazardous substances.

The levels of flavor compounds and hazardous compounds are important indicators for evaluating high-temperature roasted food. In this paper, the effect of tea pre-marination on non-volatile compounds, volatile compounds, and hazardous compounds in roasted chicken. The results showed that the total content of key umami non-volatile compounds in roasted chicken marinated with green tea, white tea, and black tea increased by 17.

BIRDNN: Behavior-Imitation Based Repair for Deep Neural Networks.

The increasing utilization of deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety-critical systems has raised concerns about their potential to exhibit undesirable behaviors. Consequently, DNN repair/patching arises in response to the times, and it aims to eliminate unexpected predictions generated by flawed DNNs. However, existing repair methods, both retraining- and fine-tuning-based, primarily focus on high-level abstract interpretations or inferences of state spaces, often neglecting the outputs of underlying neurons.

Correction: Distal renal tubular system-on-a-chip for studying the pathogenesis of influenza A virus-induced kidney injury.

Correction for 'Distal renal tubular system-on-a-chip for studying the pathogenesis of influenza A virus-induced kidney injury' by Yueyue Huangfu , , 2023, 23, 4255-4264, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LC00616F.

Giant second-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS boosted by dual bound states in the continuum.

Dielectric metasurfaces open new avenues in nonlinear optics through their remarkable capability of boosting frequency conversion efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions. Here, a metasurface consisting of a square array of cruciform-shaped silicon building blocks covered by a monolayer MoS is proposed. By designing the metasurface so that it supports optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) at the fundamental frequency and second harmonic, nearly 600× enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the MoS monolayer as compared to that of the same MoS monolayer suspended in air is achieved.

A functional hydrogel dressing based on glycyrrhizic acid with low-swelling and moisturizing properties for enhancing infected wound repair.

Wound healing is a challenging due to the presence of bacterial infection, excessive inflammation and angiogenesis disorders. While traditional therapies struggle, a functional hydrogel can effectively repair wounds. However, the use of hydrogels is limited due to their high swelling and excessive dehydration characteristics.

Ventral Hippocampal CA1 GADD45B Regulates Susceptibility to Social Stress by Influencing NMDA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity.

Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible protein 45 β (GADD45B) has been reported to be a regulatory factor for active DNA demethylation and is implicated in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and chronic stress-related psychopathological processes. However, its precise role and mechanism of action in stress susceptibility remain elusive. In this study, we found a significant reduction in GADD45B expression specifically in the ventral, but not the dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) of stress-susceptible mice.

Branched-chain amino acids promote hepatic Cyp7a1 expression and bile acid synthesis via suppressing FGF21-ERK pathway.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine, isoleucine and valine have been linked with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. BCAAs homeostasis is tightly controlled by their catabolic pathway. BCKA dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex is the rate-limiting step for BCAA catabolism.

Establishment of an absolute measurement of the reference air kerma rate for HDR Ir brachytherapy sources.

Purpose: Before this study, no institution in China had undertaken the calculation and official establishment of reference values for the reference air kerma rate associated with high-dose rate Ir sources used in brachytherapy. This research, carried out at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) in China, has successfully established an Ir reference radiation facility. Consequently, it has achieved the absolute measurement of the reference air kerma rate for high-dose rate brachytherapy using Ir sources.

Smartphone Evaluation of Dynamic and Static Naturalness After Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty.

Background: Recent studies on post-operative measurements for upper blepharoplasty utilized static photographs, which fail to accurately reflect the post-surgical dynamic naturalness of the eyelids.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze dynamic naturalness after double-eyelid blepharoplasty using a simple smartphone method involving slow-motion videos.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled patients who underwent double-eyelid blepharoplasty using the flexible suspension technique (FST) and rigid fixation technique (RFT) and individuals with congenital double-eyelids.

The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis for (squamata: colubridae).

is currently found so far in Sichuan Province, China, where it predominantly feeds on earthworms and firefly larvae. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial genome of , which measured 17,646 bp in length and encompassed 37 genes along with two control regions. The base composition revealed percentages of 33.

Traditional Chinese medicine enhances the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumor treatment: A mechanism discussion.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have altered the landscape of tumor immunotherapy, offering novel therapeutic approaches alongside surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy and significantly improving survival benefits. However, their clinical efficacy is limited in some patients, and their use may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Integrating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with ICIs has demonstrated the potential to boost sensitization and reduce toxicity.

The adsorption of cesium by sulfonic acid functionalized hollow mesoporous silica microspheres.

With the development of nuclear industry, radioactive elements such as Cs put a threat on the water environment. It is a challenging task to remove the Cs in the nuclear wastewater. In the current study, we prepared a new Cs-adsorbing material by introducing sulfhydryl group onto the surface of hollow mesoporous silica microspheres, then oxidizing the sulfhydryl group to sulfonic acid group.

Mapping the research trends and hotspots in vascular aging from 2003-2023: A bibliometric analysis.

From the molecular to the cellular to the tissue level, vascular aging is regulated by a complex network involving numerous mechanisms and diseases, and our knowledge of any one level is incomplete and biased. To date, due to the diversity and complexity of the influencing factors, no international standard has been established. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the global research trends and potential hotspots related to vascular aging.

Decellularized extracellular matrix-based disease models for drug screening.

drug screening endeavors to replicate cellular states closely resembling those encountered , thereby maximizing the fidelity of drug effects and responses within the body. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based materials offer a more authentic milieu for crafting disease models, faithfully emulating the extracellular components and structural complexities encountered by cells . This review discusses recent advancements in leveraging dECM-based materials as biomaterials for crafting cell models tailored for drug screening.