[Anti-tumor mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine via Hedgehog signaling pathway: a review].

The Hedgehog(Hh) signaling pathway has the functions of improving embryogenesis and maintaining tissue homeostasis. By influencing the tumor microenvironment, intervening in cell apoptosis, and regulating angiogenesis, it is pivotal in the occurrence, progression, and recovery of various tumors. Therefore, targeting and inhibiting the abnormal activation of the Hh pathway has become a potential research strategy for alleviating and treating cancer.

[Integrated evidence chain: a new strategy and methodology for effectiveness e valuation of traditional Chinese medicines].

The evaluation of the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has long been a "bottleneck" issue that restricts the healthy development and internationalization of TCM. This article systematically analyzes the differences in diagnostic and treatment principles, material composition, new drug development pathways, efficacy cognition, and evaluation methodology between Chinese and Western medicine from the underlying logic of medical perspective. On this basis, it integrates the evidence elements of clinical experience, experimental research, and clinical trials, and for the first time proposes and establishes a new strategy and methodology for the evaluation of the effectiveness of TCM: the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine(iEC-Eff), forming an integrated evaluation and confirmation model of "clinical experience-experimental research-clinical trial" for the effectiveness of TCM.

[Mechanism of Astragali Radix in treatment of knee osteoarthritis based on GLP-1/GLP-1R axis].

This study aims to observe the effects of different doses of Astragali Radix on the expression of glucagon(GLP-1) in se-rum and glucagon receptor(GLP-1R) in cartilage tissue in rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA), explore the effect of Astragali Radix on the inflammation and apoptosis of KOA by regulating GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling axis, and investigate the mechanism of its action in alleviating KOA. Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank group, model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose Astragali Radix groups(3.125, 6.

[Wangbi Tablets reduce inflammation in rat model of collagen-induced arthritis with syndrome of kidney deficiency by regulating cGAS-STING signaling pathway].

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Wangbi Tablets(WBT) on the inflammation in the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) with the syndrome of kidney deficiency based on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING) signaling pathway. Eighteen rats were randomly chosen from 24 SPF-grade rats for the modeling of CIA with the syndrome of kidney deficiency. The 24 SPF-grade rats were randomized into 4 groups: control(normal rats), model(CIA with syndrome of kidney deficiency), model+WBT(M+WBT), and model+methotrexate(M+MTX).

[Progress on chemical constituents and quality control of Bovis Calculus and its substitutes].

Bovis Calculus, a traditional medicine with the role of clearing away heat and detoxification, extinguishing wind to arrest convulsions, is often used for brain-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the quality control of Bovis Calculus and its substitutes has attracted much attention due to the scarcity of resources and limitations of use. Based on the evolution of the use of substitutes and the chemical composition as the entry point, this article reviews the quality control methods from the following three aspects.

Proteomics and surface free fatty acid analysis of milk fat globule in the spray- and freeze-dried bovine, goat and horse milk powders.

Changes in the structure and composition of milk fat globules in spray- and freeze-dried milk powders have recently garnered significant attention. This study investigated changes in milk fat globular membrane (MFGM) proteins from bovine, goat, and horse milk powders, both spray- and freeze-dried, using a label-free proteomics approach, and quantified surface free fatty acids and their composition using gas chromatography. The results showed that several proteins of α-casein and β-lactoglobulin increased, while fibrinogen α, β chain, and mucin-1 decreased in the MFGM fractions of the studied spray-dried milk powders.

FTO activates PD-L1 promotes immunosuppression in breast cancer via the m6A/YTHDF3/PDK1 axis under hypoxic conditions.

Introduction: Altered epigenetic reprogramming enables breast cancer cells to adapt to hypoxic stress. Hypoxic microenvironment can alter immune cell infiltration and function, limiting the effectiveness of immunotherapy.

Objectives: The study aimed to identify how fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) helps breast cancer cells cope with the hypoxic microenvironment and the mechanisms behind breast cancer cell resistance to tumor immunity.

Enhanced validation and application of satellite-derived formaldehyde data for assessing photochemical pollution in the Chinese Greater Bay Area.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key player in photochemical processes and serves as a crucial precursor in the formation of hydroxyl radicals and ozone (O). While satellite observations can offer extensive spatiotemporal distributions of HCHO at both global and regional scales, the reliability of these satellite-derived HCHO measurements remains uncertain. In this study, we generated a five-year (June 2018-May 2023) Level 3 HCHO dataset, by applying spatial averaging technique to the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) Level 2 data.

Irisin reprograms microglia through activation of STAT6 and prevents cognitive dysfunction after surgery in mice.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common in the aged population and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Irisin, an endogenous molecule that mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, has shown neuroprotective potential in several models of neurological diseases. Here we show that preoperative serum level of irisin is reduced in dementia patients over the age of 70.

Research Progress on the Correlation Between Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and complex environmental factors. The prevalence of autism has dramatically increased in countries and regions undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization. Recent studies have shown that particulate matter (PM) in air pollution affects the development of neurons and disrupts the function of the nervous system, leading to behavioral and cognitive problems and increasing the risk of ASD.

Analysis of the complex correlations between land use and water quality using the PLS-SEM method combined with fluorescence fingerprinting data.

Accurate analysis of surface water pollution mechanisms is critical for effective environmental restoration and protection. However, evaluation methods for small watersheds with dense populations and complex pollution sources remain limited. This study integrates partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with fluorescence fingerprinting data from excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) to investigate nutrient sources in rivers of southeastern China.

An ultrasensitive fluorescence nano-biosensor based on RBP 41-quantum dot microspheres for rapid detection of Salmonella in the food matrices.

Swift screening of Salmonella-contaminated food is crucial for timely prevention and control of foodborne illness outbreaks. A novel phage receptor binding protein (RBP 41) was previously identified and characterized from phage T102. This study functionalized RBP 41 onto magnetic beads (MBs) and quantum dot microspheres (QDMs) to form magnetic separation and fluorescent probes, respectively.

Fabrication of soy protein isolate-konjac glucomannan emulsion gels to mimic the texture, rheological behavior and in vitro digestion of pork fat.

Fats are essential nutrients, but excessive intake can lead to obesity and certain cardiovascular diseases. In this study, an emulsion gel was prepared using alkali heat treatment with soy protein isolate (SPI) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) as a fat substitute, while pork fat was used as the control. Gel strength, rheological properties, and water holding capacity of soy protein isolate-konjac glucomannan (SPI-KGM) emulsion gel improved progressively with higher KGM content.

Comparative effectiveness of delirium recognition with and without a clinical decision assessment system on outcomes of hospitalized older adults: Cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Early recognition of delirium is essential for effective management, but it often goes unrecognized, resulting in adverse outcomes. Clinical decision support systems can enhance adherence to guidelines and improve patient outcomes. We developed a mobile-based clinical decision assessment tool (3D-DST) based on the 3-minute diagnostic interview for confusion assessment method-defined delirium (3D-CAM).

Ferrocene-decorated graphene nanosheets built by edge-to-face π-π interaction for room temperature ppb-level NO sensing.

The development of materials toward ppb-level nitric oxide (NO) sensing at room temperature remains in high demand for the monitoring of respiratory inflammatory diseases. In order to find an iron-containing molecule without steric hindrance to combine with graphene for room temperature NO gas sensing, here a supramolecular assembly of ferrocene (Fc) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was designed and prepared for NO sensing. The assembly of Fc/rGO was characterized using FT-IR, TEM, and XPS measurements.

Exploring the potential anti-COPD ingredients and mechanisms of the Qingfei decoction based on UHPLC-HRMS, network pharmacology and transcriptomic analysis.

Qingfei Decoction (QFD) is recognized as one of the 100 classic prescriptions by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China and is widely used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition primarily characterized by airway obstruction. It's necessary to examine the therapeutic effect of QFD in the treatment of COPD and elucidate its potential effective components, targets, and pathways.

Integrating river transport processes and seasonal dynamics to assess watershed nitrogen export risk.

Excessive nitrogen exported to water bodies affects the balance of ecosystem and poses a threat to human health. Although the concept of water purification service helps quantify nitrogen export, the impact of river transport remains unclear. This study focused on nitrogen as a pollutant by utilizing the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to assess nitrogen export in the Dongting Lake Basin, taking into account both the processes of sub-basin nitrogen export and river transport.

Impact of locoregional recurrence versus distant metastasis on overall survival in patients with Non-Small cell lung cancer after Surgery: A secondary analysis of PORT-C RCT.

Purpose: The therapeutic advantage of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been shown to benefit overall survival (OS) according to two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), albeit an enhancement in locoregional-free survival was observed. We aimed to evaluate the relative influence of locoregional recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) on OS for patients with NSCLC after surgery.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of PORT-C RCT.

Platelet distribution width in patients with influenza A virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: An old indicator with promising clinical application.

This study aims to investigate the predictive value of platelet distribution width (PDW) in patients with influenza A virus (IAV) infection. The clinical data of 105 IAV-infected patients was collected and analyzed. We found that creatine kinase (CK), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, PDW, and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were independent risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development.

Patterns of recurrence after esophagectomy following neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To explore the recurrence pattern and risk factors associated with the relapse of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) among patients who received esophagectomy following neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT).

Methods: A total of 191 TESCC patients who received esophagectomy following NICT were retrospectively reviewed from 2019 to 2022. The first recurrence patterns were assessed.

A novel dicyanoisophorone-based fluorescent probe for rapid detection of acetylcholinesterase in biological systems.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a vital role in various neurological diseases including brain disorders, neurotransmission alterations, and cancer. Developing effective methods to image AChE in biological samples is essential for understanding its mechanisms in biosystems. Here, we introduce a novel fluorescent probe CNA, that enables detection of AChE at 520 nm with rapid response time of 60 s and a detection limit of 0.

JTIS: enhancing biomedical document-level relation extraction through joint training with intermediate steps.

Biomedical Relation Extraction (RE) is central to Biomedical Natural Language Processing and is crucial for various downstream applications. Existing RE challenges in the field of biology have primarily focused on intra-sentential analysis. However, with the rapid increase in the volume of literature and the complexity of relationships between biomedical entities, it often becomes necessary to consider multiple sentences to fully extract the relationship between a pair of entities.

A Pan-RAS Inhibitor with a Unique Mechanism of Action Blocks Tumor Growth and Induces Antitumor Immunity in Gastrointestinal Cancer.

RAS is a common driver of cancer that was considered undruggable for decades. Recent advances have enabled the development of RAS inhibitors, but the efficacy of these inhibitors remains limited by resistance. Here, we developed a pan-RAS inhibitor, ADT-007, that binds nucleotide-free RAS to block GTP activation of effector interactions and MAPK/AKT signaling, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis.

Willingness of medical students to work on the COVID-19 frontline during the pandemic in China: A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: The World Health Organization declared that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitutes an international public health emergency, which has strained health resources. In this study, we aimed to understand medical students' willingness to join the workforce fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors associated with their decisions.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study using the Wen-Juan-Xing platform and a pre-designed questionnaire from 23 March to 19 April 2021.

Evaluation of primary HPV-based cervical screening among older women: Long-term follow-up of a randomized healthcare policy trial in Sweden.

Background: Evidence on invasive cervical cancer prevention among older women is limited, especially with the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening and longer interval. We conducted a long-term follow-up of the first phase of a randomized healthcare policy trial in cervical screening, targeting women aged 56 to 61 years old, to investigate the effectiveness of primary HPV-based screening in preventing invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and the safety of extending screening interval.

Methods And Findings: The randomized healthcare policy trial of primary HPV-based cervical screening targeted women residing in Stockholm-Gotland region during 2012 to 2016, aged 30 to 64 years.