[Effect of tobacco straw incorporation on rice yield and nutrient absorption and its substitute for potassium fertilizer].

Field trails were carried to study the effects of tobacco straw incorporation and potassium (K) fertilizer on rice yield, K uptake and use efficiency, and its substitute for K fertilizer under different paddy soil K levels in tobacco-rice rotation areas. Results showed that both tobacco straw incorporation (2250 kg·hm) and K fertilizer application (75 kg KO ·hm) could increase grain yield and aboveground K uptake of rice. The treatment of tobacco straw incorporation with K fertilizer (St+NPK) got the best effect on rice yield compared with the control (NP).

[Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application methods and types on the yield and phosphorus uptake of winter wheat.].

A field micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different placement methods and types of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on winter wheat growth and phosphorus uptake. P fertilizer types included monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). P fertilizer application methods included: 1) surface broadcasting (S); 2) banding 5 cm below seeds (B); 3) banding 5 cm below and 3 cm away from seeds (B); 4) banding 5 cm below and 10 cm away from seeds (B); 5) mixing with the 20% of the top soil below seeds (M).

[Evaluation of nutrient release profiles from polymer coated fertilizers using Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy].

The acrylate-like materials were used to develop the polymer coated controlled release fertilizer, the nutrients release profiles were determined, meanwhile the Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectra of the coatings were recorded and characterized; GRNN model was used to predict the nutrients release profiles using the principal components of the mid-infrared photoacoustic spectra as input. Results showed that the GRNN model could fast and effectively predict the nutrient release profiles, and the predicted calibration coefficients were more than 0.93; on the whole, the prediction errors (RMSE) were influenced by the profiling depth of the spectra, the average prediction error was 10.

Layered double hydroxide (LDH)-coated attapulgite for phosphate removal from aqueous solution.

In this study, a composite adsorbent, layered double hydroxide (LDH)-coated attapulgite (LDH-AP), was synthesized and characterized. Its potential application for LDH stabilizer and phosphate (P) removal from aqueous solution was evaluated using the batch mode and continuous mode in a packed bed column. The batch experiments revealed that the data of P adsorption onto LDH-AP could be well described by the Freundlich equation, and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 6.

[Influence of Cu2+, Cd2+ and cypermethrin on microbial functional diversity in different fertilization soils].

Determination the bioavailability of contaminants in different fertilizer management soils can be of great theoretical significance for predicting and decreasing the effect of pollutants on eco-environment. In this study, three different fertilization soils were employed in a 16-year field experiment: no fertilization (CK), composted wheat straw and oil cakes (OM) and NPK fertilizer (NPK). The influences of Cu2+ (100 mg/kg), Cd2+ (5 mg/kg) and cypermethrin (l0 mg/kg) and their combinations on microbial functional diversity were observed in different fertilization soils.

[Heavy metals distribution characteristics and risk assessment of water below an electroplating factory].

Surface water and shallow groundwater within the flow of an electroplating factory was analyzed in order to study the resulting impact. The analysis method of ICP-AES was used to analyze content of zinc, manganese, chromium, copper and nickel in surface water and groundwater samples. The results indicate acidic pollutants of zinc, manganese, chromium, copper and nickel were discharged from the factory with concentrations of 1.

[Study on the soil mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy].

Infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a new style to obtain data based on photoacoustic theory. Photoacoustic thoeory is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by analyte molecules, and the absorbed energy is measured by detecting pressure fluctuations in the form of sound waves or shock pulses. In contrast to conventional absorption spectroscopy, PAS allows the determination of absorption coefficients over several orders of magnitude, even in very black and strongly scattering soil samples.

[Effect of monocalcium phosphate and potassium chloride on nitrogen leaching in paddy soil].

In this article, influence of monocalcium phosphate and potassium chloride application on nitrogen leaching in paddy soil of Taihu region was studied by soil column leaching. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen was the main component of nitrogen leaching without urea application which accounts for 93.39 percent of total nitrogen leaching (including urea, ammonium, and nitrate nitrogen).