Deciphering the δ-Lactam Formation and lron-Reducing Activity of Spinactins from .

The cyclic structure of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) is critical for enhancing their stability and bioactivity, which highlights the importance of exploring NRP cyclization enzymes for natural product discovery. Thioesterases (TEs) are crucial enzymes that catalyze the formation of various lactams, including macrolactams, β-lactams, and γ-lactams; however, their potential to produce other lactam types remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identified spinactin A () and novel derivatives, spinactin B-E (-), from NRRL 18395 and characterized the biosynthetic enzymes involved, particularly a unique TE SncF, responsible for δ-lactam formation.

Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid attenuates high-calorie diet-induced dyspepsia in immature rats via regulating the pancreatic secretion pathway and maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.

Background: Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid (JWXS), a classical traditional prescription comprising various edible medicinal plants, has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating paediatric indigestion. It originates from Jianpi Pill, which is developed in the Ming Dynasty and nourishes the spleen and regulates gastrointestinal function. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear.

[Dietary iron, zinc, selenium, and copper intake and food sources among adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) of China in 2022-2023].

Objective: To understand the dietary iron, zinc, selenium, and copper intake and food sources of residents aged 18 years and above in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) of China.

Methods: Using the data of China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey from 2022 to 2023, 9981 residents aged 18 and above with complete three consecutive days with 24 h dietary recalls were selected as the research subjects. The intake status and food sources of dietary iron, zinc, selenium, and copper were analyzed and compared with the estimated average requirement(EAR) of iron, zinc, selenium and copper for Chinese residents.

[Intake of nutrient supplements among adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) of China in 2022-2023].

Objective: To understand the intake status of nutrient supplements in 10 provinces(autonomous regions), so as to provide scientific evidence for guiding the rational use of nutrient supplements.

Methods: In this study, nutrient supplement is defined as raw materials including the categories in the "Health Food Raw Materials Catalog, Nutrient Supplements(2023 Edition)", and the product forms include health foods, OTC micronutrient supplements, and others. The scope of nutrient supplements in this study was defined.

[Distribution and epidemic trends of chronic multimorbidity among adult residents in 10 provinces (autonomous regions)of China in 2009-2023].

Objective: To describe the prevalence and epidemic trends of several chronic multimorbidy among adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions)of China over the past 14 years, and to analyze their multimorbidity patterns.

Methods: According to the fasting blood physiological and biochemical tests, physical measurements and questionnaires of 17 000 adult residents aged 18 years and above who were surveyed in 4 rounds of follow-up surveys in 2009, 2015, 2018 and 2023, the relevant indicators and disease history information of obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and various chronic diseases were obtained. Descriptive analysis was carried out to identify and compare several common combinations of multimorbidity in the population with 2 or more chronic disease conditions and the changing trends of 4 rounds of surveys.

[Status and epidemic trends of major chronic metabolic diseases among adult residents in 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China in 2009-2023].

Objective: To analyze the status and epidemic trends of major chronic metabolic diseases among adults.

Methods: Using the "China Health and Nutrition Survey"(2009-2018)/"China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey"(2022-2023), adults aged 18 years old and above from 10 provincial regions were selected as the study subjects. Those with missing demographic information and disease diagnosis were removed, and a total of 34 982 people were finally included from 2009, 2015, 2018 and 2023 waves.

[Prevalence and trends of overweight, obesity, and central obesity among adult residents in 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China in 2000-2023].

Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity among adult residents aged 18 years and above in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) of China in 2023, and to analyze the trends in 2000-2023.

Methods: Adults aged 18 and over with complete height, weight and waist circumference measurements who participated in the 2000-2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey and the 2022-2023 China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey from the same 10 provinces(autonomous regions) were selected as the study subjects. Overweight, obesity, pre-central obesity, and central obesity were defined according to the Chinese Adult Weight criteria(WS/T 428-2013).

[Food intake among adult residents in 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China in 2022-2023].

Objective: To describe the food intake among adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) of China.

Methods: Data was collected from the financial project China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey in 2022-2023. The method of three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and weighing were used to collect foods and condiments intake data.

[Macronutrient intake status and food sources in adult residents from 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China in 2022-2023].

Objective: To analyze dietary energy and macronutrient intake and food sources of adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) in China.

Methods: The data were derived from the 2022-2023 China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey and the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and adults(≥18 years) with completed demographic characteristics and dietary data were selected. Energy, macronutrient intakes, and their contribution to total energy, and protein food sources by characteristics of subjects were analyzed, which were further compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range(AMDR) and the estimated average requirement of protein.

The 2023 report of the synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China: Carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, greening, and growth.

The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms, targets, strategies, and governance systems. This report, based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change, employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences. It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas: air pollution and climate change, governance systems and practices, structural transformation and technologies, atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways, and health impacts and co-benefits.

Age and Gender Disparities in the Association of Long-Term Dietary Choline and Choline Compound Intakes with Incident Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

: The neuroprotective role of dietary choline during adulthood has not yet been conclusively proven. This study aims to investigate the influence of long-term choline and its constituent intakes on cognitive decline in the Chinese population. : A total of 4502 subjects (≥55 years) with at least two waves of completed data and without cognitive decline at baseline were selected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997-2018.

Refractive Index Morphology Imaging Microscope System Utilizing Polarization Multiplexing for Label-Free Single Living Cells.

Detections of internal substances and morphologies for label-free living cells are crucial for revealing malignant diseases. With the phase serving as a coupling of refractive index (RI) (marker for substances) and thickness (morphology), existing decoupling methods mainly rely on complex integrated systems or extensive optical field information. Developing simple and rapid decoupling methods remains a challenge.

Arabinogalactan from Cynanchum atratum induces tolerogenic dendritic cells in gut to restrain autoimmune response and alleviate collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple joints lesions. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) play crucial roles in maintaining immune homeostasis. The immunomodulatory activity of plant-derived arabinogalactan (AGs) has been well investigated, however, whether AGs could suppress autoimmune responses by inducing tolDCs is remain unclear.

Insufficient capacity to cope with stressors decreases dietary quality in females.

Background: Previous studies had found the effects of stress on eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of perceived stress on dietary quality by sexes in Chinese adults.

Methods: The study population consisted of individuals aged 18 to 59 years participating in the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on a novel heterostructured Fe-MIL-88@1T-MoS dual-nanozyme with high peroxidase-like activity for the sensitive detection of NT-proBNP.

In this work, an efficient Fe-MIL-88@1T-MoS dual-nanozyme and hollow CeO mono-nanozyme were synthesized as coreaction accelerators to fabricate an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the detection of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). First, the peroxidase-like activity of the proposed Fe-MIL-88@1T-MoS dual-nanozyme was found to be superior to that of individual Fe-MIL-88 and MoS, owing to the synergistic catalytic effect caused by the heterostructure. Therefore, it could be utilized as an ideal coreaction accelerator to boost HO decomposition and subsequently generate abundant reactive oxygen species, which could promote electrical oxidation of ABEI and obtain a high ECL signal.

Risk stratification in the clinical application of minimal residual disease assessment in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), further investigation is warranted to integrate measurable residual disease (MRD) with genetic characteristics for formulating a dynamic prognostic system for predicting response and selecting appropriate postremission therapeutic strategies.

Methods: The authors incorporated MRD with genetic risk classification and assessed its impact on transplantation decision making within different risk cohorts, comprising 769 patients with newly diagnosed AML across three clinical trials. Only patients who achieved complete remission (CR) within two courses of chemotherapy were selected.

Vertical Association Between Dietary Total Choline and L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine and the Cognitive Function in Chinese Adults Aged over 55, Result from China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997-2018.

Background: With the aging process in China showing an accelerated trend, cognitive decline and impairment have become a major issue in older people. Dietary choline supplement may be a changeable lifestyle to improve this situation.

Method: We analyzed 7659 adults aged over 55 in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), evaluated cognitive function by the global cognition score, and found the association between cognitive function and dietary intake of total choline or L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC).

Warm Arctic-Cold Eurasia pattern helps predict spring wildfire burned area in West Siberia.

Extreme wildfires have devastating impacts on multiple fronts, and associated carbon greatly heats the earth's climate. Whether and how to predict wildfires becomes a critical question. In this study, we find that the preceding-winter "warm Arctic-cold Eurasia" (WACE) pattern significantly enlarges the spring burned area in West Siberia.

Compound hot drought events in the Mei-yu region: Influences from polar and tropical regions.

In the Mei-yu region, there has been noticeable increase in the occurrence of compound hot drought (CHD) events in recent years. However, the underlying causes of these occurrences remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing observational datasets, reanalysis datasets, and four numerical experiments to investigate the associated physical mechanisms.