Wild Ungulates and Cattle Have Different Effects on Litter Decomposition as Revealed by Fecal Addition in a Northeast Asian Temperate Forest.

Litter decomposition is critical for maintaining productivity and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Large herbivores play an essential role in determining the processes of nutrient cycling. Asian temperate forests are becoming degraded and fragmented by the widespread intensification of anthropogenic activities, including excessive livestock grazing.

A CD38/CD3xCD28 trispecific T-cell engager as a potentially active agent in multiple myeloma patients relapsed and/or refractory to anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies.

There is accumulating evidence of BCMA and GPRC5D loss after treatment with T-cell redirecting therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). While complete CD38 loss is not observed upon relapses after treatment with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), there is downregulation of surface CD38 expression and decreased number and function of NK cells, which renders these patients resistant to retreatment with anti-CD38 mAb. Here, we provide preclinical evidence that RRMM patients previously exposed to anti-CD38 mAb could benefit from T-cell-based immunotherapy that depend less on CD38 antigen density and NK-cell activity, such as the novel CD38/CD3xCD28 trispecific T-cell engager, SAR442257.

Cardioprotective Effects of Phlorizin on Hyperlipidemia-induced Myocardial Injury: Involvement of Suppression in Pyroptosis via Regulating HK1/NLRP3/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway.

Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a prevalent and intricate condition that plays a pivotal role in impairing heart function. The primary objective of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering and cardioprotective properties of phlorizin (PHZ) and to investigate its potential molecular mechanisms in rats. In this investigation, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a high-fat diet for a period of 28 days to induce an HLP model.

Oscillatory Neural Correlates of Police Firearms Decision-Making in Virtual Reality.

We investigated the neural signatures of expert decision-making in the context of police training in a virtual reality-based shoot/don't shoot scenario. Police officers can use stopping force against a perpetrator, which may require using a firearm and each decision made by an officer to discharge their firearm or not has substantial implications. Therefore, it is important to understand the cognitive and underlying neurophysiological processes that lead to such a decision.

Single-cell sequencing of the substantia nigra reveals microglial activation in a model of MPTP.

Background: N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin widely used to induce PD models, but the effect of MPTP on the cells and genes of PD has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed in the Substantia Nigra (SN) of MPTP mice. UMAP analysis was used for the dimensionality reduction visualization of the SN in the MPTP mice.

Pre-Clinical Assessment of SAR442257, a CD38/CD3xCD28 Trispecific T Cell Engager in Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Current treatment strategies for multiple myeloma (MM) are highly effective, but most patients develop relapsed/refractory disease (RRMM). The anti-CD38/CD3xCD28 trispecific antibody SAR442257 targets CD38 and CD28 on MM cells and co-stimulates CD3 and CD28 on T cells (TCs). We evaluated different key aspects such as MM cells and T cells avidity interaction, tumor killing, and biomarkers for drug potency in three distinct cohorts of RRMM patients.

Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes decoction alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting cardiomyocyte inflammation and pyroptosis via the HK1/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, called "Eseye (Ese)," is a traditional medicinal plant from the Tibet province of China that has proven effective in treating cardiac conditions due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties. In this study, we explored the underlying protective mechanisms of Ese decoction in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis (CF) and established the fact that treatment with an Ese decoction attenuated tissue injury, decreased the release of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and caspase-3, and elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in CF mice.

Effects of abamectin nanocapsules on bees through host physiology, immune function, and gut microbiome.

Pesticide usage is a common practice to increase crop yields. Nevertheless, the existence of pesticide residues in the surrounding environment presents a significant hazard to pollinators, specifically the potential undisclosed dangers related to emerging nanopesticides. This study examines the impact of abamectin nanocapsules (AbaNCs), created through electrostatic self-assembly, as an insecticide on honey bees.

Circ-Bptf Ameliorates Learning and Memory Impairments via the miR-138-5p/p62 Axis in APP/PS1 Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-associated progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is implicated in the aberrant regulation of numerous circular RNAs (circRNAs). Here, we reported that circ-Bptf, a conserved circRNA derived from the Bptf gene, showed an age-dependent decrease in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Overexpression of circ-Bptf significantly reversed dendritic spine loss and learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice.

Queen bee gut microbiota extends honeybee lifespan by inhibiting insulin signaling.

Unlabelled: Queen and worker bees are natural models for aging research, as their lifespans vary considerably independent of genetic variation. Investigating the reasons why queens live longer than workers is of great significance for research on the universal processes of aging in animals. The gut microbiome has received attention as a vital regulator of host health, while its precise role in honeybee aging needs further investigation.

Ex Vivo Efficacy of SAR442257 Anti-CD38 Trispecific T-cell Engager in Multiple Myeloma Relapsed After Daratumumab and BCMA-targeted Therapies.

Unlabelled: T cell-engaging antibodies (TCEs) are showing promising efficacy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, even in patients that relapsed after B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted therapy. Patients with multiple myeloma may have compromised T-cell health unaccounted for by preclinical models. Here, we use Myeloma Drug Sensitivity Testing (My-DST) for ex vivo measurement of anti-multiple myeloma cytotoxicity for the trispecific CD38/CD28xCD3 TCE SAR442257 through activation of the patients' own endogenous T cells to inform clinical development of the compound in multiple myeloma.

Mechanistic investigation of the ameliorative effect of liquiritin on hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced cardiomyocyte injury based on network pharmacology and validation.

Liquiritin (LIQ) is a flavonoid known for its cardioprotective properties, extracted from Fisch. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective mechanism of LIQ against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury through experiments, with the goal of enhancing its pharmacological effects. Initially, network pharmacology was employed to explore the targets and mechanisms of LIQ.

The role of large mammalian herbivores in shaping and maintaining soil microbial communities of natural mineral licks: A case study on sika deer at the firebreak adjacent to the Sino-Russian border.

Mineral licks are indispensable habitats to the life history of large mammal herbivores (LMH). Geophagy at licks may provide the necessary minerals for LMH, while LMH may be ecosystem engineers of licks by altering vegetation cover and soil physicochemical properties (SPCP). However, the precise relationship between the LMH and licks remains unclear.

Cichoric acid improves isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis via inhibition of HK1/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signaling pathways by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Cichoric acid (CA), a natural phenolic compound found in many plants, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and other effects. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role and underlying mechanisms of CA in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis (MF). The MF model was induced by subcutaneous ISO injection in mice.

Phlorizin ameliorates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting pyroptosis through restraining HK1-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

The specific role of phlorizin (PHL), which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antiarrhythmic and antiaging effects, on myocardial fibrosis (MF) and the related pharmacological mechanisms remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the protective actions of PHL on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced MF and its molecular mechanisms in mice. PHL was administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg for 15 consecutive days with a subcutaneous injection of ISO (10 mg/kg).

China-US grain trade shapes the spatial genetic pattern of common ragweed in East China cities.

Common ragweed is an invasive alien species causing severe allergies in urban residents. Understanding its urban invasion pathways is crucial for effective control. However, knowledge is limited, with most studies focusing on agricultural and natural areas, and occurrence record-based studies exhibiting uncertainties.

Effects of Sucrose Feeding on the Quality of Royal Jelly Produced by Honeybee L.

Royal jelly (RJ) is a highly nutritious secretion of the honeybees' hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs). During RJ production, colonies are occasionally subjected to manual interventions, such as sucrose feeding for energy supplementation. This study aimed to assess the impact of sucrose feeding on the composition of RJ.

Oleic Acid Promotes the Biosynthesis of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid via Species-Selective Remodeling of TAGs in .

This study aimed to assess the impact of oleic acid (OA) supplementation on the biosynthesis of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) in . In experiment 1, varying concentrations of OA (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) were added to an artificial diet for newly emerged bees reared in cages. Analysis of 10-HDA content and gene expression in the mandibular gland (MG) revealed that the 8% OA treatment had the greatest impact on promoting the synthesis of 10-HDA.