Clinical characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis patients with different immune statuses: A 10-year multicenter retrospective study in China.

Background And Objective: We aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) in patients with different immune status in a large multicenter population to support appropriate clinical management of this public health threat.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of 510 patients with PC from January 2014 to June 2023 in 10 representative regional tertiary teaching hospitals in Hubei province of China, and clinical data of these patients were then stratified by different immune statuses.

Results: Immunocompetent (IC) patients accounted for 68.

Combined graph convolutional networks with a multi-connection pattern to identify tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease and Essential tremor with resting tremor.

Essential tremor with resting tremor (rET) and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (tPD) share many similar clinical symptoms, leading to frequent misdiagnoses. Functional connectivity (FC) matrix analysis derived from resting-state functional MRI (Rs-fMRI) offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and for exploring FC network pathogenesis in rET and tPD. However, methods relying solely on a single connection pattern may overlook the complementary roles of different connectivity patterns, resulting in reduced diagnostic differentiation.

Full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of gut microbiota in pigs fed with different diets in growing and finishing stages.

The present study utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the impact of dietary protein content on the composition and function of gut microbiota, and to analyze the gut microbiota of pigs in the growing (30 kg) and finishing (120 kg) stages under different feeding conditions. The results indicated that the gut microbiota was significantly different between pigs fed high- and low-protein diets. Comparing fecal samples from pigs at 30 and 120 kg, pigs at 30 kg showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of , whereas at 120 kg, the abundance of and decreased.

Lung adenocarcinoma concurrent with pulmonary cryptococcosis: a case report and literature review.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is a common opportunistic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii. PC primarily invades the respiratory system, followed by the central nervous system. Few clinical reports have examined the coexistence of PC and lung cancer.

Case report: Endobronchial closure of postoperative bronchopleural fistula with embolization coil: a sandwich-like approach.

Background: Embolization Coil has been reported to effectively treat postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF). Little detailed information was available on computer tomography (CT) imaging features of postoperative BPF and treating procedures with pushable Embolization Coil.

Objective: We aimed to specify the imaging characteristics of postoperative BPFs and present our experience treating them with the pushable Embolization Coil.

Multimodal deep learning-based drought monitoring research for winter wheat during critical growth stages.

Wheat is a major grain crop in China, accounting for one-fifth of the national grain production. Drought stress severely affects the normal growth and development of wheat, leading to total crop failure, reduced yields, and quality. To address the lag and limitations inherent in traditional drought monitoring methods, this paper proposes a multimodal deep learning-based drought stress monitoring S-DNet model for winter wheat during its critical growth periods.

Clinical values of different specimen preparation methods for the diagnosis of lung cancer by EBUS-TBNA.

Background And Objective: EBUS-TBNA has emerged as an important minimally invasive procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of different specimen preparation from aspirates on the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Methods: 181 consecutive patients with known or suspected lung cancer accompanied by hilar / mediastinal lymphadenopathy underwent EBUS-TBNA from January 2019 to December 2022.

Omentin reduces venous neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistula through hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha inhibition.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure often involves venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) driven by elevated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in the venous wall. Omentin, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperplasia properties, has an uncertain role in early AVF failure. This study investigates omentin's impact on VNH using a chronic renal failure (CRF) rabbit model.

A semiparametric Gaussian mixture model for chest CT-based 3D blood vessel reconstruction.

Computed tomography (CT) has been a powerful diagnostic tool since its emergence in the 1970s. Using CT data, 3D structures of human internal organs and tissues, such as blood vessels, can be reconstructed using professional software. This 3D reconstruction is crucial for surgical operations and can serve as a vivid medical teaching example.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis coexisting with lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is an invasive pulmonary fungal disease caused by or It often presents as a single nodule or mass on radiology, which is easily misdiagnosed as lung cancer or metastases. However, cases of PC coexisting with lung cancer are rare and when this scenario is encountered in clinical practice, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer. The present study reported the case of a 65-year-old immunocompetent patient with PC coexisting with lung adenocarcinoma.

Endobronchial pigmented mass in a patient with primary malignant melanoma of the lung: A case report.

Malignant melanoma (MM) commonly presents as a primary skin tumor and respiratory MM cases are almost all metastatic. Primary lung MM (PMML) is quite rare, especially when manifested as an endobronchial pigmented mass, its diagnosis is relatively difficult and MM has a poor prognosis. Only a few cases have been described previously and the pathologic features, clinical behavior and therapeutic options are not well established.

Exudative pleural effusion caused by lung fluke infection: A practical diagnostic approach.

Objectives: Pleural effusion caused by lung fluke is a rare etiology of exudative pleural effusion (EPE), which is often misdiagnosed or delayed. We aim to summarize the diagnosis and treatment course of EPE caused by lung fluke infection and put forward a practical diagnosis approach.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of 14 cases of EPE caused by lung fluke infection diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies or egg detection.

Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network.

Wheat pests and diseases are one of the main factors affecting wheat yield. According to the characteristics of four common pests and diseases, an identification method based on improved convolution neural network is proposed. VGGNet16 is selected as the basic network model, but the problem of small dataset size is common in specific fields such as smart agriculture, which limits the research and application of artificial intelligence methods based on deep learning technology in the field.

An ensemble deep learning model for risk stratification of invasive lung adenocarcinoma using thin-slice CT.

Lung cancer screening using computed tomography (CT) has increased the detection rate of small pulmonary nodules and early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. It would be clinically meaningful to accurate assessment of the nodule histology by CT scans with advanced deep learning algorithms. However, recent studies mainly focus on predicting benign and malignant nodules, lacking of model for the risk stratification of invasive adenocarcinoma.

Using histogram analysis of the intrinsic brain activity mapping to identify essential tremor.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Histogram analysis based on brain intrinsic activity imaging is a promising way to identify ET patients from healthy controls (HCs) and further explore the spontaneous brain activity change mechanisms and build the potential diagnostic biomarker in ET patients.

Methods: The histogram features based on the Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) data were extracted from 133 ET patients and 135 well-matched HCs as the input features.

Rapid on-site evaluation of touch imprints of medical thoracoscopy biopsy tissue for the management of pleural disease.

Background And Objective: Medical thoracoscopy (MT) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases, and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has long been used for transbronchial needle aspiration or fine-needle aspiration to evaluate the adequacy of biopsy materials for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. However, research on ROSE combined with MT for the management of pleural disease has been rarely reported. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ROSE for pleura biopsies and visual diagnosis by thoracoscopists for gross thoracoscopic appearance.

Direct-Maternal Genetic Parameters for Litter Size and Body Weight of Piglets of a New Black Breed for the Taiwan Black Hog Market.

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of litter size and piglet weight from farrowing to weaning in KHAPS Black sows. The genetic parameters investigated were the direct (h), maternal (h), realized (h), and total (h) heritability, as well as correlations (r, r, and r) within and between traits. The analyses were performed using single- and three-trait animal models with and without maternal genetic effects.

Identification of essential tremor based on resting-state functional connectivity.

Currently, machine-learning algorithms have been considered the most promising approach to reach a clinical diagnosis at the individual level. This study aimed to investigate whether the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) metrics combined with machine-learning algorithms could be used to identify essential tremor (ET) patients from healthy controls (HCs) and further revealed ET-related brain network pathogenesis to establish the potential diagnostic biomarkers. The RSFC metrics obtained from 127 ET patients and 120 HCs were used as input features, then the Mann-Whitney U test and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were applied to reduce feature dimensionality.