Spatiotemporal analysis of the food-related carbon emissions of China: Regional heterogeneity and the urban‒rural divide.

As the world's largest carbon emitter of food systems, China's goal of carbon neutrality cannot be achieved without addressing the issue of food GHGs. Given the knowledge gap in subnational spatiotemporal research on China's food carbon emissions, especially drivers of regional heterogeneity and the urban‒rural divide, this study uses the household metabolism approach, the gray correlation, and logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition to assess food-related carbon emissions (FCEs) in China, conducts urban‒rural comparisons and quantifies emission drivers across 31 provinces/regions from 1990 to 2022. The data are sourced from authentic and credible government departments.

A comprehensive study of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitor-resistant mutants selected in a VSV-based system.

Nirmatrelvir was the first protease inhibitor specifically developed against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro/Mpro) and licensed for clinical use. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread, variants resistant to nirmatrelvir and other currently available treatments are likely to arise. This study aimed to identify and characterize mutations that confer resistance to nirmatrelvir.

Complete genome of strain XM_1.

can cause a variety of human diseases, posing a deadly threat especially in the case of infections in newborns. A strain of , designated as XM_1, was isolated from a newborn with severe clinical symptoms. Here, the genome sequence of strain XM_1 is presented.

Incorporating nanosilver with glass ionomer cement-A literature review.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to retrieve and review studies that incorporated nanosilver with GIC and summarise the evidence regarding the properties of nanosilver-modified GIC.

Materials And Methods: Two independent researchers performed a literature search using the keywords (nanosilver OR nano-silver OR (nano silver) OR (silver nanoparticles)) AND (GIC OR (glass ionomer cement) OR (glass ionomer cements)) in PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect.

Results: A total of 368 articles were identified.

PIWI-Interacting RNAs: A Pivotal Regulator in Neurological Development and Disease.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) with 24-32 nucleotides (nt), were initially identified in the reproductive system. Unlike microRNAs (miRNAs) or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piRNAs normally guide P-element-induced wimpy testis protein (PIWI) families to slice extensively complementary transposon transcripts without the seed pairing. Numerous studies have shown that piRNAs are abundantly expressed in the brain, and many of them are aberrantly regulated in central neural system (CNS) disorders.

AKAP95 regulates ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin Ds/Es, influencing the G1/S transition of lung cancer cells.

A-kinase anchoring protein 95 (AKAP95) functions as a scaffold for protein kinase A. Prior work by our group has shown that AKAP95, in coordination with Connexin 43 (Cx43), modulates the expression of cyclin D and E proteins, thus affecting the cell cycle progression in lung cancer cells. In the current study, we confirmed that AKAP95 forms a complex with Cx43.

Dissecting and tracing the gut microbiota of infants with botulism: a cross sectional and longitudinal study.

Background: Infant botulism is caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which is mainly produced by . However, there is a lack of longitudinal cohort studies on infant botulism. Herein, we have constructed a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants infected with .

Exogenous Glucose Interferes with Antimicrobial-Mediated ROS Accumulation and Bacterial Death.

Glucose is widely used in the reconstitution of intravenous medications, which often include antimicrobials. How glucose affects antimicrobial activity has not been comprehensively studied. The present work reports that glucose added to bacteria growing in a rich medium suppresses the bactericidal but not the bacteriostatic activity of several antimicrobial classes, thereby revealing a phenomenon called glucose-mediated antimicrobial tolerance.

Bafi A1 inhibits nano-copper oxide-induced mitochondrial damage by reducing the release of copper from lysosomes.

This study demonstrated that both copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) can cause swelling, inflammation, and cause damage to the mitochondria of alveolar type II epithelial cells in mice. Cellular examinations indicated that both CuO-NPs and Cu-NPs can reduce cell viability and harm the mitochondria of human bronchial epithelial cells, particularly Beas-2B cells. However, it is clear that CuO-NPs exhibit a more pronounced detrimental effect compared with Cu-NPs.

Dose-response relationship of levodopa with dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite existing evidence linking dyskinesia to levodopa, the primary treatment for Parkinson's, the dose-response relationship and risk factors remain uncertain. In this study, the risk for dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa was evaluated via meta-analysis and meta-regression approaches to examine dyskinesia risk factors more reliably and improve treatment strategies and patient care. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing levodopa with other anti-Parkinson's drugs published in English before June 31, 2023.

Rapid Discovery of Substances with Anticancer Potential from Marine Fungi Based on a One Strain-Many Compounds Strategy and UPLC-QTOF-MS.

The secondary metabolites of marine fungi with rich chemical diversity and biological activity are an important and exciting target for natural product research. This study aimed to investigate the fungal community in Quanzhou Bay, Fujian, and identified 28 strains of marine fungi. A total of 28 strains of marine fungi were screened for small-scale fermentation by the OSMAC (One Strain-Many Compounds) strategy, and 77 EtOAc crude extracts were obtained and assayed for cancer cell inhibition rate.

A Novel Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Platform Supports Flexible Insertion of Exogenous Genes and Enables Rapid Development of a High-Throughput Neutralization Assay.

Despite the success of rotavirus vaccines, rotaviruses remain one of the leading causes of diarrheal diseases, resulting in significant childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The reverse genetics system enables the manipulation of the rotavirus genome and opens the possibility of using rotavirus as an expression vector for heterologous proteins, such as vaccine antigens and therapeutic payloads. Here, we demonstrate that three positions in rotavirus genome-the C terminus of NSP1, NSP3 and NSP5-can tolerate the insertion of reporter genes.

Vaccination with a replication-defective cytomegalovirus vaccine elicits a glycoprotein B-specific monoclonal antibody repertoire distinct from natural infection.

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious congenital infection globally and the most common viral infection in transplant recipients, therefore identifying a vaccine for HCMV is a top priority. Humoral immunity is a correlate of protection for HCMV infection. The most effective vaccine tested to date, which achieved 50% reduction in acquisition of HCMV, was comprised of the glycoprotein B protein given with an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant MF59.

L-glutamine protects against enterohemorrhagic infection by inhibiting bacterial virulence and enhancing host defense concurrently.

The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) was obtained in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and it is crucial for their pathogenesis. Environmental signals were found to be involved in the expression regulation of T3SS, which was vital for successful bacterial infection in the host. Here, we discovered that L-glutamine (Gln), the most abundant amino acid in the human body, could repress enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) T3SS expression nitrogen metabolism and therefore had potential as an antivirulence agent.

Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a replication-defective human cytomegalovirus vaccine, V160, in cytomegalovirus-seronegative women: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial.

Background: A vaccine that prevents cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in women could reduce the incidence of congenital CMV infection, a major cause of neurodevelopmental disability. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a replication-defective investigational CMV vaccine, V160, in CMV-seronegative women.

Methods: This phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted at 90 sites in seven countries (USA, Finland, Canada, Israel, Spain, Russia, and Australia).

Causal Effects between Gut Microbiome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Evidence from previous studies have implicated an important association between gut microbiota (GM) and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), but whether there is a definite causal relationship between GM and ME/CFS has not been elucidated.

Method: This study obtained instrumental variables of 211 GM taxa from the Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS), and mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to assess the effect of gut microbiota on ME/CFS risk from UK Biobank GWAS (2076 ME/CFS cases and 460,857 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method to analyze causality in this study, and a series of sensitivity analyses was performed to validate the robustness of the results.

Black phosphorus quantum dots induced ferroptosis in lung cell via increasing lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation.

Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots (BP-QDs) have potential applications in biomedicine. BP-QDs may enter the body through the respiratory tract during grinding and crushing production and processing, causing respiratory toxicity. Ferroptosis is an oxidative, iron-dependent form of cell death.

Eccentric Compression Properties of FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Square Tubular Columns.

FRP (fiber-reinforced polymer)-concrete-steel double-skin square tubular (FCSST) columns are composed of an outside FRP tube, an inside steel tube and the concrete filled between them. Under the continuous constraint of the outside and inside tube, the strain, strength and ductility of concrete are improved significantly compared with those of traditionally reinforced concrete without lateral restraint. Additionally, the outside and inside tube not only function as the permanent formwork in casting but improve the bending and shear resistance of composite columns.

Enhancement of β-Lactam-Mediated Killing of Gram-Negative Bacteria by Lysine Hydrochloride.

Widespread bacterial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria is rapidly depleting our antimicrobial arsenal. Adjuvants that enhance the bactericidal activity of existing antibiotics provide a way to alleviate the resistance crisis, as new antimicrobials are becoming increasingly difficult to develop. The present work with Escherichia coli revealed that neutralized lysine (lysine hydrochloride) enhances the bactericidal activity of β-lactams in addition to increasing bacteriostatic activity.

Antibiofilm and mechanical properties of silver nanowire-modified glass ionomer cement.

Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a commonly used restorative material in dentistry, but GIC does not have significant antibiofilm effects and its mechanical strength is limited.

Objective: To investigate the antibiofilm and mechanical properties of a newly developed silver nanowire (AgNW) modified GIC.

Methods: GICs were modified with different nanosilver formulations including 0.

Black phosphorus quantum dots induce autophagy and apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Purpose: The board application of black phosphorus quantum dots (BP-QDs) increases the risk of inhalation exposure in the manufacturing process. The aim of this study is to explore the toxic effect of BP-QDs on human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) and lung tissue of Balb/c mice.

Methods: The BP-QDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a Malvern laser particle size analyzer.

The signature of pyroptosis-related gene prognostic and immune microenvironment in adrenocortical carcinoma.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has a low incidence but a poor prognosis. And ACC has complex clinical manifestations and limited treatment. Pyroptosis has a dual character and has both positive and negative effects on cancer.