Deciphering the mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in prostate cancer: Implications for precision medicine.

Prostate cancer is a leading malignancy among men. While early-stage prostate cancer can be effectively managed, metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable, with a median survival of 3-5 years. The primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but resistance to ADT often leads to castrationresistant prostate cancer (CRPC), presenting a significant therapeutic challenge.

Cross-sectional study on the seroprevalence, reinfection, and associated factors of Chlamydia trachomatis among female sex workers in Guangdong Province, China.

Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of chlamydia infection, yet the seroprevalence among FSWs in China remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and associated factors among FSWs in Guangdong Province, China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among FSWs in two cities in Guangdong Province.

Exploring the repository of de novo-designed bifunctional antimicrobial peptides through deep learning.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attractive candidates to combat antibiotic resistance for their capability to target biomembranes and restrict a wide range of pathogens. It is a daunting challenge to discover novel AMPs due to their sparse distributions in a vast peptide universe, especially for peptides that demonstrate potencies for both bacterial membranes and viral envelopes. Here, we establish a de novo AMP design framework by bridging a deep generative module and a graph-encoding activity regressor.

Clinical evaluation and risk factors of head-up tilt test in children.

The head-up tilt test (HUTT) is a fundamental tool for the clinical diagnosis of unexplained syncope. While HUTT has been extensively employed in adult populations for over three decades, its application in pediatric cases remains relatively limited. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to perform a multi-dimensional evaluation of HUTT in pediatric patients.

Identifying Risk Factors from Preoperative MRI Measurements for Failure of Primary ACL Reconstruction: A Nested Case-Control Study with 5-Year Follow-up.

Background: Identifying patients at high risk for failure of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on the basis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements has received considerable attention. In this study, we aimed to identify potential risk factors for primary ACLR failure from preoperative MRI measurements and to determine optimal cutoff values for clinical relevance.

Methods: Retrospective review and follow-up were conducted in this nested case-control study of patients who underwent primary single-bundle ACLR using hamstring tendon autograft at our institution from August 2016 to January 2018.

Toughened Interface by Engineering the Side Group of Conjugated Polymers to Stabilize Flexible Perovskite Solar Modules.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE), cost-effective manufacturing processes, as well as the potential flexibility. However, a significant challenge to the commercial applications of PSCs is their mechanical reliability. In this work, three naphthalene diimide polymers with distinct donor units are chosen to reduce surface trap states and enhance the long-term stability and mechanical reliability of photovoltaic devices.

Dynamic characterization of volatile and non-volatile profiles during Toona sinensis microgreens growth in combination with chemometrics.

Toona sinensis microgreens (TSM) are popular for their aroma similar to Toona sinensis buds (TSB). This study characterized TSM across four developmental stages: sprout-appearing (M1), apical hook opening (M2), cotyledon unfolding and expansion (M3), and fully opened cotyledons (M4). Eighty-two volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified, with nineteen VOCs serving as key discriminators.

Integrative analysis of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs for prognostic risk assessment and tumor immune microenvironment evaluation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumor prognostic models. This study targets cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LSCC. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and Pearson correlation analysis pinpointed cuproptosis-related lncRNAs.

Dodecapeptides derived from human cathelicidin with potent activity against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

The increasing infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) poses a serious threat to global public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are alternatives to conventional antibiotics in combating superbugs. However, discovering AMPs with low synthesis costs and strong antibacterial effects against CRAB is challenging.

Combined indicator assists in early recognition of retinopathy of prematurity.

This research aimed to investigate the value of clinical data in preterm infants on admission for the early prediction of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). 98 preterm infants (66 males and 32 females) with an average gestational age of 30.42 ± 1.

Programmable multifunctional integrated microwave photonic circuit on thin-film lithium niobate.

Microwave photonics, with its advanced high-frequency signal processing capabilities, is expected to play a crucial role in next-generation wireless communications and radar systems. The realization of highly integrated, high-performance, and multifunctional microwave photonic links will pave the way for its widespread deployment in practical applications, which is a significant challenge. Here, leveraging thin-film lithium niobate intensity modulator and programmable cascaded microring resonators, we demonstrate a tunable microwave photonic notch filter that simultaneously achieves high level of integration along with high dynamic range, high link gain, low noise figure, and ultra-high rejection ratio.

Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated targeting of metabolic reprogramming and DNA damage response pathways to treat drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer.

Multi-drug resistance and immunosuppressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is triggered by the Warburg effect, which promotes homologous recombination repair (HRR) and upregulates expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), in turn preventing DNA damage from chemotherapy and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. It is therefore of clinical relevance to develop an effective delivery system that targets metabolic reprogramming and DNA damage response pathways for the treatment of drug-resistant TNBC. Herein, a P-gp-inhibiting and GSH-responsive multifunctional drug carrier targeting integrin αvβ3 was synthesised for the delivery of Lonidamine-prodrug (M1, glycolysis inhibitor) and Senaparib (Se, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase inhibitor).

Evolution and genetic adaptation of fishes to the deep sea.

The deep sea, especially hadal zones, characterized by high-hydrostatic pressure, low temperatures, and near-total darkness, present some of the most challenging environments for life on Earth. However, teleost fish have successfully colonized these extreme habitats through complex adaptations. We generated genome assemblies of 12 species, including 11 deep-sea fishes.

Co-training semi-supervised medical image segmentation based on pseudo-label weight balancing.

Purpose: Major challenges in current semi-supervised segmentation methods: (1) The complementary nature of information in pseudo-label: a key limitation of consistent regularization methods is the tendency of sub-networks to converge to the consensus case early on, leading to the degradation of co-trained models into self-trained models, whereas disagreement between sub-networks is important for joint training. (2) Quantity-quality weighting imbalance in pseudo-label methods: threshold-based pseudo-label is to train the model with pseudo-labels whose predicted confidence is higher than a hard threshold. In contrast, other pseudo-labels are simply ignored.

Effects of semaglutide in patients with chronic ankle instability: evidence from a prospective cohort.

Background: Whether patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) can benefit from weight loss yielded by using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) has remained unclear.

Methods: In this observational study, we recruited more than 2000 adults with CAI according to the selection criteria proposed by International Ankle Consortium with at least two-year follow up from three medical centers. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) sports subscale at the last follow up.

Exploring the active ingredients and potential mechanisms of Pingchan granules in Parkinson's disease treatment through network pharmacology and transcriptomics.

Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, poses significant challenges to single-target therapeutic strategies due to its complex etiology. This has driven interest in multi-target approaches, particularly those leveraging natural compounds. Pingchan granules (PCG), a traditional Chinese medicine composed of plant- and animal-derived compounds, have shown efficacy in alleviating PD symptoms.

ORANGE proteins mediate adaptation to high light and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in tomato by regulating chlorophylls and carotenoids accumulation.

Chlorophylls and carotenoids are crucial for photosynthesis and plant survival, with ORANGE (OR) protein being pivotal in pigment accumulation. Despite tomato being rich in carotenoids, the roles of OR proteins in tomato have been overlooked. Herein, we characterized two OR genes in tomato, SlOR and SlOR-like, which are highly expressed in stems, leaves, and flowers, with their proteins being localized to chloroplasts.

Tuning the electronic state of CoFe alloy via in-situ partial Co nitridation for enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis in zinc-air battery.

The low catalytic activity and high susceptibility to corrosion of CoFe alloys limit their efficiency and stability in oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER/ORR). Here, via a partial nitridation strategy, CoN is in-situ formed adjacent to CoFe alloy to construct a well-defined heterointerface within N-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotube (CoN-CoFe/NCNT). As indicated by computational calculations, the interfacial electrons are transferred from Fe atom to CoN in the CoN-CoFe heterojunction, optimizing the adsorption of O-intermediates and accelerating the rate-determining steps (*O to *OH in ORR and *O to *OOH in OER).

An Optimized PZT-FBG Voltage/Temperature Sensor.

The piezoelectric grating voltage sensor has garnered significant attention in the realm of intelligent sensing, attributed to its compact size, cost-effectiveness, robust electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity, and high network integration capabilities. In this paper, we propose a PZT-FBG (piezoelectric ceramic-fiber Bragg grating) voltage-temperature demodulation optical path architecture. This scheme effectively utilizes the originally unused temperature compensation reference grating, repurposing it as a temperature measurement grating.

Postsynthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Layers.

ConspectusMetal-organic layers (MOLs), as a subclass of two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have gained prominence in materials science by combining the structural versatility of MOFs with the unique physical and chemical properties of 2D materials. MOLs consist of metal oxide clusters connected by organic ligands, forming periodically extended 2D architectures with tunable properties and large surface areas. These characteristics endow MOLs with significant potential for applications in catalysis, sensing, energy storage, and biomedicine.

The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pancreatitis From 1990 to 2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: This study analyzes temporal trends of pancreatitis from 1990 to 2021 across 21 regions and 204 countries based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to inform prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: Incidence, death, prevalence, and DALYs estimates for pancreatitis were derived from the GBD 2021, categorized by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2021. Mortality estimates were generated using the cause of death ensemble model.

"Relative symmetry with electronegativity of different key-groups" strategy for MRGPRX2 antagonist design and its effect on antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation.

MRGPRX2 antagonists possess the potential for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. Previously, we identified a class of diaryl urea (DPU) MRGPRX2 antagonists with sub-micromolar IC values . However, the structure-activity relationship remains unclear.

MrgX2-Targeting Ligand Screen for Antipseudoallergic Agents by Immobilized His-Tag-Fused Protein Technology.

Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MrgX2) plays a key role in pseudoallergy reactions; thus, it is of great significance to screen compounds with antipseudoallergy activity via MrgX2. Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) demonstrates great potential in drug screening, but it requires further optimization to improve its specificity and stability. In this study, a new CMC system incorporating His-tag-oriented immobilized proteins was constructed to screen MrgX2 antagonists.

Ratio of water to cement and supplementary cementitious materials on mechanical and impact resistance properties of reactive powder concrete.

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a novel high-performance building material widely used in large-scale engineering structures due to its superior mechanical properties and durability. However, structural failure can still occur under dynamic load impacts. Therefore, optimizing the mechanical properties and impact resistance of RPC remains a critical issue for enhancing its engineering applications.