Navigating Disparities in Dental Health-A Transit-Based Investigation of Access to Dental Care in Virginia.

Objective: To identify vulnerable areas and populations with limited access to dental care in Virginia, the study aimed (1) to calculate travel time and accessibility scores to dental care in Virginia using a transit-based accessibility model for all dental clinics and dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program and (2) to estimate factors associated with accessibility to dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program in Virginia.

Methods: The study used building footprints as origins of transit trips to dental care services (or destinations). The study then computed transit-based origin-destination travel time matrices based on the detailed trip information, including in-vehicle and out-of-vehicle travel time.

Tobramycin-resistant small colony variant mutant of serovar Typhimurium shows collateral sensitivity to nitrofurantoin.

The increasing antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health challenge, threatening our ability to combat infectious diseases. The phenomenon of collateral sensitivity, whereby resistance to one antibiotic is accompanied by increased sensitivity to another, offers potential avenues for novel therapeutic interventions against infections unresponsive to classical treatments. In this study, we elucidate the emergence of tobramycin (TOB)-resistant small colony variants (SCVs) due to mutations in the gene, which render .

Multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces anxiety in mice via inflammation in the cerebral cortex.

Modern life is filled with radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) in various frequency bands, while the health risks are not clear. In this study, mice were whole-body exposed to 0.9/1.

The endocannabinoid system is involved in the anxiety-like behavior induced by dual-frequency 2.65/0.8 GHz electromagnetic radiation in mice.

As wireless communication devices gain popularity, concerns about the potential risks of environmental exposure to complex frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on mental health have become a public health issue. Historically, EMR research has predominantly focused on single- frequency electromagnetic waves, neglecting the study of multi-frequency electromagnetic waves, which more accurately represent everyday life. To address these concerns, our study compared the emotional effects of single-frequency and dual-frequency EMR while exploring potential molecular mechanisms and intervention targets.

Measuring Spatial Access of Vulnerable Population to HIV Testing Facilities in the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area, Louisiana.

Ensuring adequate and equitable access to affordable HIV testing is a crucial step toward ending the HIV epidemic (EHE). Using the high-burden Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as an example, we measure spatial access to HIV testing facilities for vulnerable populations and assess whether their access would improve if eliminating a considerable barrier-costs. Locations and status (free, low-cost, and full cost) of HIV testing facilities are searched on the Internet and confirmed through a field survey.

A broadband multi-frequency microwave combined biological exposure setup.

With the rapid popularization of wireless electronic devices, there has been an increasing concern about the impacts of the electromagnetic environment on health. However, most research reports on the biological effects of microwaves have focused on a single frequency point. In reality, people are exposed to complex electromagnetic environments that consist of multiple frequency microwave signals in their daily lives.

Characterizing the Traveling Oncology Workforce and Its Influence on Patient Travel Burden: A Claims-Based Approach.

Purpose: Oncology outreach is a common strategy for extending cancer care to rural patients. However, a nationwide characterization of the traveling workforce that enables this outreach is lacking, and the extent to which outreach reduces travel burden for rural patients is unknown.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed a rural (nonurban) subset of a 100% fee-for-service sample of 355,139 Medicare beneficiaries with incident breast, colorectal, and lung cancers.

Molecular characteristic of mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from aquatic products in Guangdong, China.

Objectives: Aquatic ecosystems serve as a dissemination pathway and a reservoir of both antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of colistin-resistant mcr-like genes in Enterobacteriales in aquatic products, which may be contribute to the transfer of ARGs in water environments.

Methods: The mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli were recovered from 123 freshwater fish and 34 cultured crocodile cecum samples from 10 farmers' markets in Guangdong, China.

Investigation of Ni-Cu-acid multifunctional synergism in NiCu-phyllosilicate catalysts toward the 1,4-butynediol hydrogenation to 1,4-butanediol.

We studied the Ni-Cu-acid multifunctional synergism in NiCu-phyllosilicate catalysts toward 1,4-butynediol hydrogenation to 1,4-butanediol by varying the reduction temperature, which can activate different bimetal and support interactions. Compared with a monometallic Ni phyllosilicate (phy), which only showed one type of metal species when reduced at ∼750 °C, there are three types of metal species for the bimetallic Ni-Cu-phyllosilicate derived catalysts, namely Cuphy, differentiated Ni, and Niphy. Thorough structure-activity/selectivity correlation investigations showed that, although the NiCu-P catalyst matrix can produce tiny amounts of differentiated Ni species under the induction of reduced Cu at R250 condition, it could not form Ni-Cu bimetallic interactions for the collaborative hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol, and the product stays in the semi hydrogenated state.

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolates from Swine and Humans in China.

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes disease in humans after exposure to infected pigs or pig-derived food products. In this study, we examined the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and associated genomic environments of S. suis isolates from humans and pigs in China from 2008 to 2019.

Delineation of Cancer Service Areas Anchored by Major Cancer Centers in the United States.

Unlabelled: Defining a reliable geographic unit pertaining to cancer care is essential in its assessment, planning, and management. This study aims to delineate and characterize the cancer service areas (CSA) accounting for the presence of major cancer centers in the United States. We used the Medicare enrollment and claims from January 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015 to build a spatial network from patients with cancer to cancer care facilities that provided inpatient and outpatient care of cancer-directed surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

Multiscale analysis of cancer service areas in the United States.

The purpose of delineating Cancer Service Areas (CSAs) is to define a reliable unit of analysis, more meaningful than geopolitical units such as states and counties, for examining geographic variations of the cancer care markets using geographic information systems (GIS). This study aims to provide a multiscale analysis of the U.S.

GIS-Automated Delineation of Hospital Service Areas in Florida: From Dartmouth Method to Network Community Detection Methods.

Since the Dartmouth hospital service areas (HSAs) were proposed three decades ago, there has been a large body of work using the unit in examining the geographic variation in health care in the U.S. for evaluating health care system performance and informing health policy.

Ectoderm-derived frontal bone mesenchymal stem cells promote traumatic brain injury recovery by alleviating neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity partially via FGF1.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cell and tissue impairment, as well as functional deficits. Stem cells promote structural and functional recovery and thus are considered as a promising therapy for various nerve injuries. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ectoderm-derived frontal bone mesenchymal stem cells (FbMSCs) in promoting cerebral repair and functional recovery in a murine TBI model.

Rural-Urban Differences in Breast Cancer Surgical Delays in Medicare Beneficiaries.

Background: Delays between breast cancer diagnosis and surgery are associated with worsened survival. Delays are more common in urban-residing patients, although factors specific to surgical delays among rural and urban patients are not well understood.

Methods: We used a 100% sample of fee-for-service Medicare claims during 2007-2014 to identify 238,491 women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer undergoing initial surgery and assessed whether they experienced biopsy-to-surgery intervals > 90 days.

Effects of Long-Term and Multigeneration Exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to 9.4 GHz Microwaves.

A large number of studies on the biological effects of microwaves are carried out using rodents and cells, but the conditions are difficult to control, and the irradiation period is short; the results obtained have always been controversial and difficult to reproduce. In this study, we expose nematodes to an electromagnetic environment for a long-term and multigeneration period to explore the possible biological effects. Wild-type N2 strains of Caenorhabditis elegans are exposed to 9.

Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Large Animal Models of Ischemic Cardiomyopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Stem-cell therapy provides a promising strategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. In recent years, numerous studies related to this therapeutic approach were performed; however, the results were often heterogeneous and contradictory. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials, reporting the use of stem-cell treatment against acute or chronic ischemic cardiomyopathies in large animal models with regard to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF).

Disruption of hematopoiesis attenuates the osteogenic differentiation capacity of bone marrow stromal cells.

Background: The homeostasis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is modulated by both their own intracellular molecules and extracellular milieu signals. Hematopoiesis in the bone marrow is maintained by niche cells, including MSCs, and it is indispensable for life. The role of MSCs in maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis has been fully elucidated.

Pharmacological inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling by TAK-242 attenuates hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage.

Compelling evidence has confirmed that inflammatory pathways involving TLR4-regulated cytokines and immune cells are vitallyimportant for the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), hinting that pharmacological prevention of PHH is feasible. TAK-242, as a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, downregulates TLR4-induced inflammatory responses and becomes a potent and noveltherapeuticdrugcandidatefor PHH. In the present study, we investigate whether TAK-242 protects against hydrocephalus and improves the prognosis of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

Pulsed High-Peak Power Microwaves at 9.4 GHz Do Not Affect Basic Endpoints in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Because of the extensive application of electromagnetic technology, its health impact on humans has attracted widespread attention. Due to the lack of a model organism with a stable response to electromagnetic waves, the research conclusions on the biological effects of electromagnetic waves have been vague. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation by pulsed 9.

Network Optimization Approach to Delineating Health Care Service Areas: Spatially Constrained Louvain and Leiden Algorithms.

Constructing service areas is an important task for evaluating geographic variation of health care markets. This study uses cancer care as an example to illustrate the methodology, with the nine-state Northeast Region of the U.S.

Yolk-Shell Nanocapsule Catalysts as Nanoreactors with Various Shell Structures and Their Diffusion Effect on the CO Reforming of Methane.

Well-geometric-confined yolk-shell catalysts can act as nanoreactors that are of benefit for the antisintering of metals and resistance to coke formation in high-temperature reactions such as the CO reforming of methane. Notwithstanding the credible advances of core/yolk-shell catalysts, the enlarged shell diffusion effects that occur under high space velocity can deactivate the catalysts and hence pose a hurdle for the potential application of these types of catalysts. Here, we demonstrated the importance of the shell thickness and porosity of small-sized Ni@SiO nanoreactor catalysts, which can vary the diffusional paths/rates of the diffusants that directly affect the catalytic activity.

Spatial Behavior of Cancer Care Utilization in Distance Decay in the Northeast Region of the U.S.

Purpose: Spatial behavior of patients in utilizing health care reflects their travel burden or mobility, accessibility for medical service, and subsequently outcomes from treatment. This paper derives the best-fitting distance decay function to capture the spatial behaviors of cancer patients in the Northeast region of the U.S.

Effects of 1.5-GHz high-power microwave exposure on the reproductive systems of male mice.

High-power microwaves (HPMs) have been reported to have hazardous effects on multiple human and animal organs. However, the biological effects of 1.5-GHz HPMs on the reproductive system are not clear.