Exosomal delivery of rapamycin modulates blood-brain barrier penetration and VEGF axis in glioblastoma.

Exosomes (Exos), nanosized membranous vesicles (30-160 nm), have been validated as an effective drug delivery system capable of traversing biological barriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their near-limitless self-renewal capabilities, provide a plentiful source of exosomes for clinical applications. In this study, we utilized an exosome-encapsulated rapamycin (Exo-Rapa) delivery strategy, which permits the use of smaller drug dosages to achieve effects typically seen with higher dosages, thus enhancing drug efficacy.

Integrative analysis of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs for prognostic risk assessment and tumor immune microenvironment evaluation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumor prognostic models. This study targets cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LSCC. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and Pearson correlation analysis pinpointed cuproptosis-related lncRNAs.

Perirenal fat and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Although previous studies have investigated the impact of perirenal fat on chronic kidney disease (CKD), there are yet no systematic reviews and meta-analyses to investigate the association between perirenal fat and chronic kidney disease.

Methods: We searched six English electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to select clinical studies that reported the relationship between perirenal fat and CKD, and the search period ranged from the establishment of the database to September 10, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the studies and ultimately compared the literature.

Toxicity of microplastics polystyrene to freshwater planarians and the alleviative effects of anthocyanins.

It is impossible to overlook the effects of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic organisms as they continuously accumulate in water environment. Freshwater planarians, which exist in the benthic zone of water bodies and come into contact with the deposited MPs particles, provide a highly representative model for studying the effects of MPs on aquatic organisms. Anthocyanins (ANTs) have gained significant popularity in recent years for their diverse health benefits.

A survey on perioperative antibiotic use for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: To investigate the use of antimicrobials during the perioperative period of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) and traditional open-heart bypass grafting. We aimed to determine whether the duration of perioperative antibiotic use and infection rate is significantly different between different surgical methods.

Methods: A total of 471 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were collected from January 2019 to December 2022.

Accelerometer-Derived "Weekend Warrior" Physical Activity and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.

Objective: To examine the association of "weekend warrior" (WW) pattern and physical activity distributed throughout the week with mortality risk.

Participants And Methods: In this cohort study of 95,468 participants in the UK Biobank from 2013 through 2015, participants were grouped by accelerometer-derived physical activity levels: inactive (moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA] <150 min/wk using World Health Organization guidelines), active WW (≥150 minutes of MVPA per week and ≥50% of total MVPA over 1 to 2 days), and active regular (≥150 minutes of MVPA but not active WW). Cox regression analyzed associations of activity patterns with all-cause mortality and 10 categories of cause-specific mortality and whether the association differed by sedentary time (≤6, 7 to 12, or ≥13 hours) and light physical activity (≤60, 61 to 150, or ≥151 min/d).

Latent profile analysis of fear of progression in obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome patients: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aims to identify distinct subtypes of Fear of Progression (FOP) in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) using latent profile analysis and to investigate associated demographic factors to facilitate personalized treatment by healthcare professionals, thereby improving clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes in OSAHS patients.

Methods: This study employed a convenience sampling method to recruit 307 patients with OSAHS. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data on patients' demographics, the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II.

Research on the performance of the SegFormer model with fusion of edge feature extraction for metal corrosion detection.

Addressing the challenge that existing deep learning models face in accurately segmenting metal corrosion boundaries and small corrosion areas. In this paper, a SegFormer metal corrosion detection method based on parallel extraction of edge features is proposed. Firstly, to solve the boundary ambiguity problem of metal corrosion images, an edge-feature extraction module (EEM) is introduced to construct a spatial branch of the network to assist the model in extracting shallow details and edge information from the images.

Evolution of the Asian summer monsoon and regional karst ecological environment since the middle ages in Southwest China.

The frequent droughts and floods, closely associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), has profoundly affected the ecological environment and economy in East Asia. While changes in the ASM are closely related to precipitation patterns, the specific mechanism still requires further investigation. This study utilized stalagmite records from the Feilong Cave in southwest China to reconstruct the evolution of the ASM since the Medieval Warm Period (MWP).

Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China's power system.

Countries are urged to advance the energy transition in a just, orderly, and equitable manner, yet the appropriate pathway remains unclear. Using a provincial-level, hourly-dispatched power system model of China that incorporates intertemporal decisions on early retirement and carbon capture retrofitting, our study reveals that for coal-rich but gas-poor economies, repositioning coal power from a baseload resource to a flexibility provider can accelerate net-zero transition of the power system in three aspects. First, when achieving the same emissions reduction target, it mitigates stranded assets by decreasing the average lifespan loss of coal power by 7.

Subsurface ocean turbulent mixing enhances central Pacific ENSO.

Since the 21st century, the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits more pronounced signals in the central Pacific (CP) rather than the eastern Pacific (EP), but the prediction skill has waned, suggesting limited understanding of crucial dynamics within the prediction framework. The ocean mixing around the mixed layer base, which transfers heat downward in a diabatic manner, was considered a potential influencing factor; yet, its effect has not been adequately examined in either CP or EP regions due to insufficient data. Here, we propose an Argo profile data-based mixing estimation model, which yields abundant estimates of subsurface ocean mixing and turbulent heat flux.

Fullerenols hijack lysosomes to disrupt inter-organellar crosstalk and block autophagy pre-activated by mTOR inhibitors for cancer cell PANoptosis.

Subcellular inter-organellar crosstalk among lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondrion is crucial for cancer cell survival and is a promising target in cancer treatment; however, efficiently disrupting these interactive networks is challenging. Herein, a communication interception strategy is presented, which specifically disrupts inter-organellar crosstalk by lysosomal contents leakage along with their trajectory and pre-activates autophagic flux to augment the lysosome-associated autophagy blocking for preventing the self-repair of this subcellular disorder. Briefly, fullerenols containing multiple hydroxyl groups (MF) tear the lysosomal phospholipid membrane through direct interaction, which causes lysosomal contents (calcium ions and cathepsins) to leak into the cytoplasm, subsequently leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction with redox imbalance and metabolic reprogramming.

1-Epilupinine enhances cognition and reduces inflammation in scopolamine-induced dementia model mice.

Dementia is a growing global public health concern. The search for effective anti-dementia drugs with fewer side effects, particularly in the early stages of the disease, is a key focus of current research. Natural compounds like 1-Epilupinine (ELP) may offer therapeutic potential for cognitive improvement and neuroprotection.

The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial crosstalk involved in nanoplastics and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate co-exposure induced the damage to mouse mammary epithelial cells.

With the extensive use of plastic products, significant amounts of microplastics, nanoplastic particles (NPs), and plasticizers such as Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are continuously released into the environment. However, the toxic effects of NPs alone or in combination with DEHP on mammary glands remain unreported. This study investigates the impacts of NPs and DEHP on the structure and function of mouse mammary epithelial cells and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Effects of nitrogen-driven eutrophication on the horizontal transfer of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in water-sediment environments.

Excessive nitrogen and other nutrients can trigger the eutrophication of freshwater bodies. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are now recognized as environmental pollutants, with extracellular ARGs (eARGs) being the dominant form in sediments. However, research on the propagation characteristics of eARGs remains limited.

In-situ constructed tactic of palladium nanoparticles supported on hierarchical porous wood-derived cellulose framework towards efficient catalytic reduction on 4-nitrophenol.

With the advancement of technology, the production of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater containing dyes are increasing steadily. In the evolutionary process of catalytic reduction wastewater, recyclability and homogenization are still puzzles. Herein, a wood-derived cellulose catalytic system with hierarchical pore structure was proposed based on chlorite-alkali method for efficient catalytic reduction on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP).

Dodecapeptides derived from human cathelicidin with potent activity against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

The increasing infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) poses a serious threat to global public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are alternatives to conventional antibiotics in combating superbugs. However, discovering AMPs with low synthesis costs and strong antibacterial effects against CRAB is challenging.

Unveiling the Hidden Mechanism: How LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system drives antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella pullorum through activation of the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC.

Understanding the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanism of Salmonella pullorum (SP), which is widespread among yellow chickens in China, is crucial for reducing significant economic losses in the industry. In this study, we explored the AMR mechanism by which the LuxS/AI-2-mediated quorum sensing (QS) system regulates the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in the SP. The results showed that the luxS gene and the signaling molecule AI-2 had no effect on the growth of the SP strains.

Choline alleviates cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived young mice via reducing neuroinflammation and altering phospholipidomic profile.

Cognitive impairment resulting from insufficient sleep poses a significant public health concern, particularly in children. The effects and mechanisms of choline on cognitive impairment caused by sleep deprivation are unknown. Chronic sleep deprivation is induced in young mice in this study, followed by feeding diet containing 11.

Mass production of cation-exchange cryogels and their chromatographic adsorption performance for bioseparation.

The preparation of cryogels with enhanced protein adsorption capabilities holds significant promise in bioseparation. The challenge of industrializing cryogels lies in achieving efficient large-scale production while maintaining controllable performance characteristics. In this work, 200 of poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) monolithic cryogels were mass-produced per batch by cryo-polymerization.

Fluorocarbon interlayer enhancing fast ion transport for low-temperature lithium metal batteries.

Lithium metal batteries optimized for low-temperature conditions are essential for use in cold climate applications. Nevertheless, they are hindered by the markedly reduced kinetics of lithium-ion transport in the vicinity of the lithium metal anode under low-temperature conditions. In contrast to the commonly used electrolyte engineering approaches, this study introduces a design strategy of using a functional fluorocarbon interlayer to reconstruct the surface of the lithium foil (Li@GF), aiming to effectively enhance the electrochemical reaction kinetics of the lithium metal anode at low temperatures.

Stable C-Se-Co interface of CoSe@N-doped carbon aerogels for efficient sodium storage.

The storage characteristics of sodium ions in CoSe are intricately linked to the doping species and concentrations of heteroatoms within the carbon matrix. However, a systematic study of the impact of heteroatom doping on the interfacial forces between the carbon matrix and CoSe has not been systematically investigated. In this work, CoSe nanoparticles coated with different heteroatom doping (N/S) carbon aerogels derived from sodium alginate (SA) were constructed to investigate the influence of dopant atoms on the interfacial forces at the C matrix and CoSe interface.

Qi-Huang decoction alleviates DSS-induced colitis with Candida albicans dysbiosis by enhancing innate immune response through Dectin-1-associated signaling.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Candida albicans, a common commensal fungus in the human gut, has been increasingly implicated in UC pathogenesis. Qi-Huang decoction (QHD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula known for its spleen-invigorating and purgative properties, is commonly used to restore gastrointestinal function.

Effectiveness, safety, and patterns of use of camrelizumab in advanced esophageal cancer: an individual patient data pooled analysis of 987 patients from three prospective cohort studies.

Background And Aims: This individual patient data pooled analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and patterns of use of camrelizumab in a large cohort of advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) patients.

Approach And Results: Adult patients (≥ 18 years) who had received camrelizumab as part of AEC treatment were pooled from three independent, prospective observational cohort studies (NCT04616040, ChiCTR1900027275, and ChiCTR2000039499). The main outcomes were patterns of camrelizumab use, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety in the overall population and specific subgroups of underrepresented patients.