Bionomics and distribution of malaria vectors in Kisumu city, Western Kenya: implications for urban malaria transmission.

Background: Increasing unplanned urbanization in tropical Africa may create new niches for malaria vectors, raising transmission risk, yet control efforts focus on rural ecosystems. Understanding mosquito diversity, ecology and biting behaviour in urban areas is crucial for effective control. This study assessed Anopheles diversity, abundance, behaviour, and Plasmodium infection rates in Kisumu city, Kenya.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveal the cold tolerance mechanism of common beans under cold stress.

Background: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a thermophilic crop, and exposure to cold stress can significantly impact their yield and quality. To elucidate the impact of cold stress on cold-tolerant 'Wei Yuan' (WY) and cold-sensitive 'Bai Bu Lao' (BBL) of common bean, the mechanism of cold tolerance was studied by physiological and biochemical and multi-omics analysis.

The comparative efficacy of L-glutamine, celecoxib, and glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis management.

To explore the therapeutic efficacy of L-glutamine (L-Gln) on pathological progression and clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA), and compare with glucosamine sulfate (GS), and celecoxib (CXB). Rats were administered sodium chloride, L-Gln, GS, or CXB via gavage for eight weeks starting from the fifth week after sham operation or Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection (ACLT) + Medial Meniscectomy (MMx). Then the severity of knee OA in rats was evaluated by serological analysis, histological examination and imaging examination.

Embedding polydopamine in keratin-based biohydrogels for efficient dye removal.

Keratin-based hydrogels have shown promise as materials for wastewater remediation, yet their low surface area and poor mechanical performance hindered the practical application. To address these challenges, we developed a bowl-shaped polydopamine-loaded sponge bio-hydrogel (BPSH) with a hierarchical porous structure and high stability. The extruded keratin chains facilitated the formation of three distinct macroporous frameworks, while embedding bowl-shaped polydopamine into the bio-hydrogel significantly enhanced the hierarchical porous structure.

Exploring the tissue distribution propensity of active alkaloids in normal and stomach heat syndrome rats following oral administration of Zuojin Pill based on pharmacokinetics and mass spectrometry imaging.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Zuojin Pill (ZJP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus in a ratio of 6:1 (w/w), which has been widely used for treating gastrointestinal disorders, especially stomach heat syndrome (SHS). However, the active alkaloids in ZJP showed low plasma exposure in rats following oral administration, which failed to explain their potent pharmacological effects, thereby limiting further mechanism studies.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the in vivo exposure and tissue distribution propensities of the active alkaloids in normal and SHS rats following oral administration of ZJP.

Role of Cr(VI) in the efficient removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions using FeS in a Cd(II)/Cr(VI) binary system.

In this study, the synthesized magnetic greigite (FeS) was utilized to simultaneously eliminate Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The removal efficiency (96.6%) of Cd(II) in the binary (Cd(II)/Cr(VI)) system was superior to that (79.

MedBin: A lightweight End-to-End model-based method for medical waste management.

The surge in medical waste has highlighted the urgent need for cost-effective and advanced management solutions. In this paper, a novel medical waste management approach, "MedBin," is proposed for automated sorting, reusing, and recycling. A comprehensive medical waste dataset, "MedBin-Dataset" is established, comprising 2,119 original images spanning 36 categories, with samples captured in various backgrounds.

Naoqing formula alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induced inflammatory injury by regulating Csf3 mediated JAK/STAT pathway and macrophage polarization.

Background: Upon cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), the brain tissue experiences excessive inflammatory responses, which fuel the activation of immune cells, thereby intensifying cellular damage and inflammatory reactions. Naoqing formula (NQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal compound formulated with musk as the primary component, has been extensively utilized in China for the clinical treatment of ischaemic stroke (IS).

Purpose: The precise pharmacological mechanism underlying NQ's efficacy in managing IS remains elusive.

Jiangniaosuan formula inhibits hyperuricemia-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells via ROS/HIF-1α/EZH2 pathway: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the main chemical components of Jiangniaosuan Formula (JNSF), the therapeutic effect of JNSF on hyperuricemia (HUA) mice, and the underlying mechanism by which JNSF inhibits renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.

Methods: Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of JNSF and its serum metabolites. Network pharmacology was performed to predict the potential target genes and pathways.

Nickel-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Reductive Arylation of Aldehydes with Heterobiaryl Triflates.

In this context, we report a nickel-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric reductive arylation of aldehydes with racemic heterobiaryl triflates, offering a series of axially chiral heterobiaryls bearing a centrally chiral secondary alcohol moiety in a highly diastereo- and enantioselective manner. The simultaneous control of both axial and central stereogenic elements of the products lies in the stereoselective nucleophilic addition of the configurationally labile hetereobiaryl nickel complex to the formyl group of aldehydes.

Synthesizing Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for High-Performing Chemiresistive Sensors.

Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D -MOFs) are emerging as unique electrode materials with great potential for electronic applications. However, traditional devices based on -MOFs often utilize them directly in the powder or nanoparticle form, leading to weak adhesion to the device substrate and resulting in low stability and high noise levels in the final device. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing thin -MOFs synthesized via a general MOF nanosheet sacrifice approach, enhancing their aspect ratio and flexibility for high-performance electronic applications.

The Construction of a Library of Nanozyme with High Nitrogen Content for Efficient Antibacterial Applications.

High catalytic efficiency is persistently pursued to generate high-performance nanozymes. Metal elements are active centers where metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) play a catalytic role. In this work, a library of MOFs-derived nanozyme is constructed based on metal salts and 1H-1,2,3-triazole (MET).

A clinical knowledge graph-based framework to prioritize candidate genes for facilitating diagnosis of Mendelian diseases and rare genetic conditions.

Background: Diagnosing Mendelian and rare genetic conditions requires identifying phenotype-associated genetic findings and prioritizing likely disease-causing genes. This task is labor-intensive for molecular and clinical geneticists, who must review extensive literature and databases to link patient phenotypes with causal genotypes. The challenge is further complicated by the large number of genetic variants detected through next-generation sequencing, which impacts both diagnosis timelines and patient care strategies.

Intelligent prediction system for surface movement and deformation in the subsequent filling mining of inclined, thick, and large ore.

Guizhou is a mountainous region that faces numerous engineering challenges during the mining of thick inclined ore bodies, including complex geological conditions, limited monitoring systems, and insufficient on-site monitoring. Developing intelligent methods for predicting surface movement and deformation in mining areas under such geological conditions is critical for preventing ecological damage, safeguarding lives and property, and ensuring safe mining operations. This study focuses on the subsequent filling mining of inclined thick ore bodies as the engineering context.

Laparoscopic versus open secondary hepatectomy treating postoperative regional recurrent hepatolithiasis: a multicenter real-world study.

Background: Hepatectomy is the primary treatment for regional hepatolithiasis, but recurrence rates range from 10 to 20%, often necessitating repeat surgery. Although laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widely adopted for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, its use in recurrent hepatolithiasis remains limited due to technical challenges, including severe adhesions, anatomical distortions, and increased risks of complications. No large-scale study has compared laparoscopic and open repeat hepatectomy for recurrent regional hepatolithiasis.

Green tea fermented by Ganoderma lucidum presented anti-obesity properties via enhanced thermogenesis in vitro and on C57BL/6J mice.

High-fat diets contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders. Ganoderma lucidum is renowned for its abundant bioactive compounds and diverse pharmacological effects. Green tea fermented by G.

Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide enhances the survival of rat bone marrow stem cells via a reactive oxygen species mediated Erk1/2 signaling pathway.

Survival of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) is crucial for successful bone marrow transplantation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Our previous research has demonstrated that dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) can protect rat BMSCs from cell death via its antioxidative properties and by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway.

Deciphering the mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in prostate cancer: Implications for precision medicine.

Prostate cancer is a leading malignancy among men. While early-stage prostate cancer can be effectively managed, metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable, with a median survival of 3-5 years. The primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but resistance to ADT often leads to castrationresistant prostate cancer (CRPC), presenting a significant therapeutic challenge.

Association between risk propensity and substance use: A multilevel meta-analysis.

Background: Substance use and its related disorders represent a significant global health concern. Risk propensity has been identified as a factor influencing substance use.

Methods: Multilevel meta-analysis was applied to quantitatively synthesise studies examining the associations between risk propensity and substance use and to identify potential factors that influence these relationships.

Encapsulation of FeS within N/S-Doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes for facilitated rapid catalytic conversion of polysulfides in high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be competitive next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, but their practical application is severely hampered by the shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). To address this challenge, FeS encapsulated within N/S co-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (FeS/NSC) is synthesized via a pyrolysis sulfidation process, and act as a coating separator for LSBs. The 1-dimensional (1D) S and N co-doped carbon substrate materials can act as conductive networks, exposing more adsorption sites and enhancing the capture of LiPSs.

Application of iron-modified biochar in the fields of adsorption and degradation of antibiotics.

Antibiotics, as emerging contaminants, have led to persistent global pollution issues, prompting long-standing attention on methods for their effective removal. Among various methods, iron-modified biochar stood out for its ability to adsorb and degrade antibiotics in the environment because biochar can provide a porous structure and oxygen-rich functional groups for efficient antibiotic adsorption, while the Fe/Fe redox cycle in the iron modification biochar enhanced electronic transmission and further increased degradation. This review systematically summarized preparation methods of different iron-modified biochar, the adsorption capacities, mechanisms, and influencing factors of pollutants.

Graph Neural Networks with Coarse- and Fine-Grained Division for mitigating label noise and sparsity.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained considerable prominence in semi-supervised learning tasks in processing graph-structured data, primarily owing to their message-passing mechanism, which largely relies on the availability of clean labels. However, in real-world scenarios, labels on nodes of graphs are inevitably noisy and sparsely labeled, significantly degrading the performance of GNNs. Exploring robust GNNs for semi-supervised node classification in the presence of noisy and sparse labels remains a critical challenge.

Measurement of Very-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emissions from the Galactic Plane with LHAASO-WCDA.

The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission is a very important tool used to study the propagation and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this Letter, we report the measurements of the diffuse emission from the Galactic plane-covering Galactic longitudes from 15° to 235° and latitudes from -5° to +5°, in an energy range of 1 to 25 TeV-made with the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory. After the sky regions of known sources are masked, the diffuse emission is detected with 24.