Temporal trend of mortality from infectious respiratory diseases in childhood in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2000-2020.

Main Results: From 2000 to 2020, there was a downward trend in mortality due to infectious respiratory disease in children living in Minas Gerais - even in 2020, the year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Implications For Services: There was a reduction in child deaths due to respiratory infections; health services should be alerted as to the considerable presence of ill-defined or inconclusive codes (garbage codes) on death certificates.

Perspectives: It is necessary to maintain the effectiveness of health actions among the mother and child population and to improve the records held on the Mortality Information System, in order to enable better monitoring of mortality as well as to enable analytical studies to be conducted.

Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: trends and challenges.

The urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil has been related to environmental changes, migration, interaction and spread of sylvatic reservoirs and infected dogs to areas with no transmission, and adaptation of the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to the peridomiciliary environment. From 1980 to 2005, Brazil recorded 59,129 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, 82.5% of which in the Northeast region.

Surveillance and monitoring of disease outbreaks in rural areas: systematisation of low cost geographic information system techniques.

The authors describe three recent experiences of epidemiological surveys of zoonotic diseases in Brazil. The role of spatial data acquisition and analysis has been reinforced, considering the intrinsic complexity of environmental and social factors affecting transmission. Health surveillance in Brazil is undergoing a decentralisation process, in accordance with which different responsibilities are attributed to each health institution, from federal level to county health secretaries, including local non-governmental organisations.

[Human and canine American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mariluz, Paraná State, Brazil].

An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported in 2002 in Mariluz, northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. Of 38 humans who were investigated, four had healed lesions, ten showed lesions in the healing process, and 24 had active lesions. Of the 126 dogs, 20 (15.

Pyrogenic reactions and hemorrhage associated with intrinsic exposure to endotoxin-contaminated intravenous solutions.

Objective: An epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine risk factors for adverse reactions among patients in hospitals and the possibility of extrinsic or intrinsic contamination of intravenous solutions.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify solutions associated with adverse reactions. Implicated lots were cultured for bacteria, and endotoxin concentrations were measured.

[Quality of diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in epidemiological surveys: an epidemic in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1993-1997].

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis poses a serious endemic and epidemic problem. In recent years the disease has spread to several States that had not previously reported any human or animal cases. For canine surveys, the Ministry of Health currently recommends use of the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF), with a sensitivity of 90-100% and specificity of 80%.