Increased Ventilatory Efficiency in Supramaximal Compared to Graded Exercise in Athletes.

: Supramaximal constant work rate tests (CWR) elicit intense hyperventilation, thus potentially up-shifting ventilation (⩒)-to-carbon dioxide (CO) responses when compared to graded exercise tests (GXT) in athletes. We predicted higher ventilatory efficiency on supramaximal CWR using a new method, challenging the classic orthodox interpretation of an increased ⩒-⩒CO as ventilatory inefficiency. This misinterpretation could make difficult to differentiate between physiological hyperventilation from heart disease conditions in athletes.

Carotid-body modulation through meditation in stage-I hypertensive subjects: Study protocol of a randomized and controlled study.

Adjunctive therapy for hypertension is in high demand for clinical research. Therefore, several meta-analyses have provided sufficient evidence for meditation as an adjunct therapy, without being anchored on reliable physiological grounds. Meditation modulates the autonomic nervous system.