Associations of plasma sphingolipids with measures of insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and incident diabetes in Japanese Americans.

Background And Aims: To prospectively investigate associations of plasma sphingolipids with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and incident diabetes in the Japanese American Community Diabetes Study.

Methods And Results: Baseline plasma samples from adults without diabetes (n = 349; mean age 56.7 years, 51 % men) were assayed for circulating ceramide and sphingomyelin species.

Plasma miRNAs and Treatment Failure in Participants in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Study.

Objective: To identify plasma miRNAs related to treatment failure in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: We examined whether a panel of miRNAs could predict treatment failure in training/test data sets among participants in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study (N = 209). We also examined whether individual miRNAs were associated with treatment failure.

Rates of ICD-10 Code U09.9 Documentation and Clinical Characteristics of VA Patients With Post-COVID-19 Condition.

Importance: A significant proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals experience post-COVID-19 condition months after initial infection.

Objective: To determine the rates, clinical setting, risk factors, and symptoms associated with the documentation of International Statistical Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10), code U09.9 for post-COVID-19 condition after acute infection.

CRISPR-Cas9 Library Screening Identifies Novel Molecular Vulnerabilities in -Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chromosomal translocations involving the gene represent highly unfavorable prognostic factors and most commonly occur in patients less than 1 year of age. Rearrangements of the gene drive epigenetic changes that lead to aberrant gene expression profiles that strongly favor leukemia development. Apart from this genetic lesion, the mutational landscape of -rearranged ALL is remarkably silent, providing limited insights for the development of targeted therapy.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with higher odds of insulin treatment but not with hemoglobin A1c at 120 days in U.S. Veterans with new-onset diabetes.

Aims: To examine associations of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 with insulin treatment in new-onset diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Veterans Health Administration data (March 1, 2020-June 1, 2022). Individuals with ≥1 positive nasal swab for SARS-CoV-2 ( = 6,706) comprised the exposed group, and individuals with no positive swab and ≥1 laboratory test of any type ( = 20,518) the unexposed group.

Consensus elements for observational research on COVID-19-related long-term outcomes.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its long-term outcomes may be jointly caused by a wide range of clinical, social, and economic characteristics. Studies aiming to identify mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality must measure and account for these characteristics to arrive at unbiased, accurate conclusions. We sought to inform the design, measurement, and analysis of longitudinal studies of long-term outcomes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Cross-sectional Associations of Multiracial Identity with Self-Reported Asthma and Poor Health Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults.

Introduction: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) multiracial subgroups are underrecognized in health outcomes research.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys (2013-2019), including adults who self-identified as AI/AN only (single race AI/AN, n = 60,413) or as AI/AN and at least one other race (multiracial AI/AN, (n = 6056)). We used log binomial regression to estimate the survey-weighted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lifetime asthma, current asthma, and poor self-reported health among multiracial AI/AN adults compared to single race AI/AN adults, adjusting for age, obesity, and smoking status.

Does diabetes risk after SARS-CoV-2 infection depend on the viral variant?

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an elevated risk of new-onset diabetes. With infections forecast to rise in the coming months, this may exacerbate an existing public health crisis by increasing rates of diabetes worldwide. Much remains to be learned about a causal link between SARS-CoV-2 and incident diabetes.

Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer With Pancreatic Mass.

A pancreatic mass is mostly discovered late in the course of the disease and is usually asymptomatic in the early stages. In rare cases, a pancreatic mass may be metastatic, and presentation may depend on the presence and locations of other metastasis or to the primary lesion. Renal cell cancer is the most common tumor presenting as metastatic pancreatic mass.

Addiction Services for Veterans: Opportunities in Acute Care.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the proportion of total hospital discharges that involved a primary or secondary substance-related diagnosis code (SubDx) on inpatient medicine, psychiatry, and surgery services as part of a needs assessment for inpatient addiction consultation at our large, academic-affiliated Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital.

Methods: We first calculated the percentage of total and service-specific discharges with a primary or secondary substance-related International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision , code on all inpatient services (medicine, psychiatry, and surgery) in Fiscal Year 2017, 2018, and 2019, using facility-level data. Second, we calculated the proportion of total discharges that involved alcohol- and opioid-related diagnoses.

Associations of plasma miRNAs with waist circumference and insulin resistance among women with polycystic ovary syndrome - Pilot study.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) and central obesity are common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but pathomechanisms for IR in PCOS are not established. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-invasive biomarkers of epigenetic regulation that may contribute to the pathogenesis of IR and central adiposity in PCOS.

Methods: We conducted a pilot study to examine associations of circulating miRNAs with IR and central adiposity among women with PCOS (n = 11) using high-throughput miRNA sequencing.

Going viral in the islet: mediators of SARS-CoV-2 entry beyond ACE2.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Following initial infection of airway epithelia, SARS-CoV-2 invades a wide range of cells in multiple organs, including pancreatic islet cells. Diabetes is now recognised as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, including hospitalisation and death.

The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions.

Background: The epidemiology of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is not well-characterized due to the historic focus on T1D as a childhood-onset disease.

Purpose: We assess the incidence of adult-onset (≥20 years) T1D, by country, from available data.

Data Sources: A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the gray literature, through 11 May 2021, was undertaken.

Associations of statin use with 30-day adverse outcomes among 4 801 406 US Veterans with and without SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study.

Objective: To estimate associations of statin use with hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality at 30 days among individuals with and without a positive test for SARS-CoV-2.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: US Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Cumulative Lactation and Clinical Metabolic Outcomes at Mid-Life among Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes.

Lactation is associated with a lower risk of subsequent cardiometabolic disease among parous women; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Further, the potential protective effects of lactation on cardiometabolic risk markers at mid-life among high-risk women with past gestational diabetes (GDM) are not established. Using data from the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study (2012−2014; n = 577), a longitudinal cohort of women with past GDM from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996−2002), we assessed associations of cumulative lactation duration (none, <6 months, 6−12 months, ≥12−24 months, and ≥24 months) with clinical metabolic outcomes (including type 2 diabetes [T2D], prediabetes, and obesity) and cardiometabolic biomarkers (including biomarkers of glucose/insulin metabolism, fasting lipids, inflammation, and anthropometrics) 9−16 years after enrollment when women were at mid-life.

The Incidence of Diabetes Among 2,777,768 Veterans With and Without Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Objective: To examine associations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection/coronavirus disease 2019 with incident diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Veterans Health Administration data. We defined all patients without preexisting diabetes with one or more nasal swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 (1 March 2020-10 March 2021; n = 126,710) as exposed and those with no positive swab and one or more laboratory tests (1 March 2020-31 March 2021; n = 2,651,058) as unexposed.

Adiposity, related biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program.

Objective: This study investigated associations of adiposity and adiposity-related biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among parous women.

Methods: Among women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) who reported a previous live birth, circulating biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and alanine aminotransferase; n = 1,711) were measured at enrollment (average: 12 years post partum). Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the L2-L3 region and the L3-L4 region were quantified by computed tomography (n = 477).

Plasma amino acid profile, a biomarker for visceral adipose tissue that can substitute for waist circumference in Japanese Americans.

Background: Greater visceral fat area (VFA) is associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. We sought to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between amino acid (AA) levels and VFA in Japanese-Americans.

Methods: From the cohort of 342 Japanese-American participants (51% men) in a study of diabetes risk factors who were free from diabetes, we measured levels of 20 AA by mass spectrometry, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), VFA, subcutaneous fat area by single-slice CT at the umbilicus.

Prior Glucose-Lowering Medication Use and 30-Day Outcomes Among 64,892 Veterans With Diabetes and COVID-19.

Objective: To identify preinfection risk factors for adverse outcomes among veterans with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Research Design And Methods: We identified all Veterans Health Administration patients with diabetes and one or more positive nasal swab(s) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (1 March 2020-10 March 2021) ( = 64,892). We examined associations of HbA and glucose-lowering medication use with hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality at 30 days using logistic regression models and during 4.

Irinotecan Induces Disease Remission in Xenograft Mouse Models of Pediatric -Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in infants (<1 year of age) remains one of the most aggressive types of childhood hematologic malignancy. The majority (~80%) of infant ALL cases are characterized by chromosomal translocations involving the (or ) gene, which confer highly dismal prognoses on current combination chemotherapeutic regimens. Hence, more adequate therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.