Hemimellitene (1,2,3-trimethylbenzene) in the liver, lung, kidney, and blood, and dimethylbenzoic acid isomers in the liver, lung, kidney and urine of rats after single and repeated inhalation exposure to hemimellitene.

Objectives: The aim of the study has been to explore hemimellitene distribution in blood, liver, lung and kidney as well as toxicokinetics of its elimination from blood of rats after single and repeated inhalation exposure to this compound. Tissue distribution and excretion with urine of 2-dimethylbenzoic acids (2,3-DMBA and 2,6-DMBA) were also evaluated.

Material And Methods: Male outbred IMP:WIST rats were used in the experiment.

Toxic effect in the lungs of rats after inhalation exposure to benzalkonium chloride.

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) toxic to microorganisms. Inhalation is one of the major possible routes of human exposure to BAC.

Materials And Methods: Experiments were performed on female Wistar rats.

4-Week inhalation toxicity of 2-methylnaphthalene in experimental animals.

Objectives: This paper presents toxic effects of 2-MN in laboratory animals under conditions of 4-week inhalation exposure to 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) vapors.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to 2-MN vapors at a nominal concentration of 0, 2, 10 or 50 mg/m(3) in dynamic inhalation chambers for 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). After 4 weeks of inhalation exposure the animals were necropsied.

The toxicokinetics of 2-methylnaphtalene in rats.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicokinetics of 2-methylnaphtalene (2-MN) during and after inhalation exposure.

Material And Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to 2-MN vapours at nominal concentrations of 200 or 400 mg/m3 in the dynamic inhalation chamber for 6 hours or 5 days (6 h/day). Blood samples were collected during and after exposure.

Contrasting effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene on sensitivity to amphetamine and propensity to amphetamine sensitization in the rat.

Objectives: Some data suggest that increased behavioural sensitivity to psychostimulants may develop after exposure to volatile chemicals in common use. The purpose of the present experiment was to find out whether and in what way inhalation exposure to pseudocumene (PS) or hemimellitene (HM) at low concentrations alters behavioural sensitivity to the psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH), and propensity to develop behavioural sensitization to AMPH.

Material And Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were exposed 6 h/day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks to PS or HEM at 0, 25, 100 or 250 ppm.

Pulmonary irritation after inhalation exposure to benzalkonium chloride in rats.

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) with a C8 to C18 chain length of alkyl groups. Since BAC exerts toxic effects on microorganisms, it has been used as an effective germicide and preservative, mostly in cosmetic industry and medicine. However, the toxic potential of BAC may be hazardous to humans, due to the common use of preparations containing BAC as a preservative.

[Toxic effect of benzalkonium chloride on animals and humans].

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) exerts toxic effects on microorganisms. This property has been utilized in the cosmetic industry and medicine, where it is used as effective germicide and preservative agents. Various BAC-containing preparations used by people may induce a number of adverse effects on the human body.

Toxicokinetics and metabolism of pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) after inhalation exposure in rats.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicokinetics and metabolism of pseudocumene after inhalation exposure. Male Wistar rats were exposed to pseudocumene vapors at nominal concentrations of 25,100 or 250 ppm in the dynamic inhalation chambers for 6 h. Blood samples were collected during (between 1st and 6th h) and after exposure (betwen 6th min and 6th h).