AENEAS: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Aumolertinib Versus Gefitinib as First-Line Therapy for Locally Advanced or MetastaticNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Exon 19 Deletion or L858R Mutations.

Purpose: Aumolertinib (formerly almonertinib; HS-10296) is a novel third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in China. This double-blind phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of aumolertinib compared with gefitinib as a first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic -mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03849768).

CircRNA_103762 promotes multidrug resistance in NSCLC by targeting DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (CHOP).

Background: CircRNAs have been found to play crucial roles in multiple tumor including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we researched the correlation between circRNA_103762 and chemotherapy resistance.

Methods: RT-PCR assay was performed to detect circRNA_103762 and DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (CHOP) expression.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents toluene diisocyanate-induced airway epithelial barrier disruption.

The loss of airway epithelial integrity contributes significantly to asthma pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of asthma. However, its role in airway epithelial barrier function remains uncertain.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients with and without underlying disease: a single-centre retrospective analysis of 52 subjects.

Background And Objective: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a life-threatening infection in patients with prolonged neutropenia. Few data are available on IPA in non-neutropenic patients without underlying immunocompromising conditions.

Methods: All non-neutropenic patients managed at the institution for a proven and probable IPA over the last 10 years were reviewed retrospectively, and the difference between non-neutropenic patients with and without underlying disease was investigated.

The generation of the endothelial specific cdc42-deficient mice and the effect of cdc42 deletion on the angiogenesis and embryonic development.

Background: High microvascular permeability plays an essential role in pathological process of multiple diseases such as septic shock, acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and burns. Inhibiting hyperpermeability is significant for controlling these conditions. Cdc42, as a main member of the small Rho GTPase family, plays a critical role in controlling and regulating the endothelial junctional permeability.

[Role of the AdeABC efflux pump in carbapenems resistance of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii].

Objective: To investigate the role of AdeABC efflux pump in carbapenems resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in light of the phenotype and genetype of the efflux pump.

Methods: The phenotype of the efflux pump was detected in 138 clinical isolates of A.baumannii using the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP).

[The comparison between the vascular endothelial cells special cdc42-deficient heterozygous mice and the non-knockout mice on lung tissue pathological change and vasopermeability in acute lung injury].

Objective: To compare the change of lung tissue and vasopermeability between the vascular endothelial cells special cdc42-deficient heterozygous mice and the non-knockout mice in acute lung injury.

Methods: The mice with vascular endothelial cell-specific expression of cre recombinase were crossed with cdc42(flox/flox) mice. The cdc42(flox/+)Cre(+/-) F1 offspring mice were crossed back with cdc42(flox/flox) mice, resulting in the F2 generation mice with three genotypes, namely cdc42(flox/+)Cre(+/-), cdc42(flox/flox)Cre(-/-) and cdc42(flox/+)Cre(+/-).

Increased heat shock protein 70 levels in induced sputum and plasma correlate with severity of asthma patients.

Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules such as high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of our study was to examine the induced sputum and plasma concentrations of HSP70 in asthmatic patients to determine their relationship with airway obstruction. Thirty-four healthy controls and 56 patients with persistent bronchial asthma matched for gender and age were enrolled in this study.

[Production of connective tissue growth factor by angiotensin II in human embryonic lung fibroblast via RhoA-ROCK pathway].

Objective: To explore the production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by Angiotensin II (AngII) in human embryonic lung fibroblast via the RhoA-ROCK pathway.

Methods: Human embryonic lung fibroblast (HFL-1) was divided into 4 groups: (1) control group: no stimulation; (2) AngII group: stimulation of AngII (10(-7) mol/L) ; (3) Irbesartan plus AngII group: stimulation by AngII (10(-7) mol/L) with AT-1 receptor antagonist irbesartan (10(-6) mol/L) pre-treatment; (4) Irbesartan plus AngII group: stimulation by AngII (10(-7) mol/L) with ROCK inhibitor Y27632 (10(-6) mol/L) pre-treatment. Then the products of protein and RNA were collected.

[Effect of toluene diisocyanate on reactive oxygen species production and permeability of human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro].

Objective: To investigate the effect of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the permeability of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells.

Methods: TDI-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA) conjugate was prepared using a modified Son's method. MTT assay was used to assess HBE cell viability after exposure to different concentrations of TDI-HSA.

[Lung cancer in pregnancy: report of two cases and review of literature].

Objective: to raise awareness about lung cancer in pregnancy.

Methods: the clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases of lung cancer in pregnancy were reported, and related literatures were reviewed.

Results: The first case was a 31-year-old pregnant woman at 34(th)-week gestation, who presented with right sided pleural effusion on a Chest X-ray film.

[Respiratory syncytial virus increases the expression and release of high mobility group Box-1 protein in the lung tissue of mice].

Objective: To investigate the expression and release of high mobility group Box-1 protein (HMGB1) in the lung tissue of mice with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Methods: Eighteen mice were randomized into PBS control group, RSV group and RSV/ribavirin group. Seven days after RSV infection in the mice in the latter two groups, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for cell counting and classification, and the levels of IL-4, IFN-gamma and HMGB1 in the supernatants of the BALF were detected.

[Hydrogen dioxide increases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human bronchiolar epithelium cell via a PI3K-dependent pathway].

Objective: To investigate the effect of hydrogen dioxide (H(2)O(2)) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human bronchiolar epithelial (HBE) cells.

Methods: MTT assay was used to assess HBE cell viability after exposure to different concentrations of H(2)O(2). VEGF/beta-actin gene fragments were amplified simultaneously by RT-PCR from the total HBE cell RNA, and VEGF protein expression in the cells was detected using ELISA.

[Effect of ribavirin upon secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in respiratory syncytial virus-induced asthma exacerbation of mice].

Objective: To investigate the role of ribavirin (RIB) in treating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced asthma exacerbation of mice.

Methods: (1) Cell experiment: 32 flasks of human airway epithelial cell 16HBEs were randomly divided into four groups: RSV group, RSV/RIB group, RIB group and control group. 16HBEs were infected with RSV at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2.

[Causal analysis of initial misdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism].

Objective: To analyze the causes of initial erroneous diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) to improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Methods: The clinical data of 63 patients with a definite diagnosis of PE were retrospectively analyzed. According to the initial diagnosis, the patients were divided into definite diagnosis group (Group A, 23 cases) and misdiagnosis group (group B, 40 cases).

[Risk factors of ventilator-associated pulmonary Candida infection and drug-resistant analysis].

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for pulmonary Candida infection in association with mechanical ventilation and analyze the drug resistance profile of the Candida species that cause the infection.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted 114 patients receiving mechanical ventilation for over 48 h. According to the presence of pulmonary Candida infections, these patients were divided into infected group (n=50, 43.

[Perindopril and losartan attenuate bleomycin A5-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1 receptor) blocker on the progression of rat pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin A5.

Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomized into pulmonary fibrosis model, perindopril treatment, losartan treatment and control groups. In the former 3 groups, pulmonary fibrosis was induced via intratracheal injection of bleomycin A5 (5 mg/kg), after which the rats in the perindopril and losartan groups received intragastric administration of the corresponding agents at the daily dose of 2 mg/kg and 10 m/kg, respectively.

[Influence of education level on self-evaluation and control of patients with bronchial asthma].

Objective: To investigate the effect of education on self-evaluation and control level in patients with bronchial asthma.

Methods: Seventy-five asthmatic patients with the initial diagnosis in line with the American Thoracic Society criteria, including 46 with junior high school education or below (group A) and 29 with senior high school education or above (group B), were asked to complete a survey to assess their symptoms and asthma attacks. Asthma control test (ACT) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) evaluation were performed 8, 12 and 24 weeks after salmeterol/fluticasone therapy.

[Effect of N-acetylcysteine on HMGB1 and RAGE expression in the lungs of asthmatic mice].

Objective: To investigate the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA in the lungs of asthmatic mice and the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on their expression.

Methods: Twenty-one female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, asthma group and NAC group (n=7). The expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA and their distributions in the lungs were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method.

[Role of Smac in cisplatin-induced apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells].

Objective: To investigate the role of Smac in cisplatin-induced apoptosis of non-small lung cancer cells in vitro.

Methods: Non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were incubated in the presence of cisplatin at different concentrations, and the cell proliferation status was observed using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used for evaluation of the apoptosis of the incubated cells, and the expressions of Smac mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

[Toluene diisocyanate increases vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human bronchial epithelial cells].

Objective: To investigate the effect of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells.

Methods: TDI-human serum albumin (TDI- HSA) conjugate was prepared using a modified Son's method. MTT assay was used to examine the viability of HBE135-E6E7 cells cultured in serum-free medium after treatment with HSA or TDI-HSA at different concentrations.

[Construction of subtracted cDNA library by suppression subtractive hybridization for differentially expressed genes in eosinophils from asthma patients].

Objective: To construct a subtracted cDNA library of differentially expressed genes in eosinophils from asthma patients.

Methods: Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate the cDNA fragments of differentially expressed genes in the eosinophils of asthma patients before and after treatment. The cDNA fragments were directly inserted into T/A cloning vector to establish the subtractive library, followed by amplification of the library through E.

[Study of genes that differentially expressed in eosinophils of patients with asthma by suppression subtractive hybridization technology].

Objective: To study genes that differentially expressed in peripheral blood eosinophils of patient with asthmatic.

Methods: Total RNA extracted from eosinophils of patient at the time of exacerbation was taken as the tester and the total RNA from eosinophils of the same patient after improvement as driver. The ds cDNA was synthesized by SMART PCR cDNA Synthesis technology.