Minibioreactor arrays to model microbiome response to alcohol and tryptophan in the context of alcohol-associated liver disease.

The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the severity of alcohol-associated liver disease. Modifying severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) dysbiosis improves liver injury through tryptophan (Trp) metabolites and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, Trp's effect on the IM in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients remains unclear.

Phenanthroline Derived N-Doped Carbon Dots as Robust Metal-Free Photocatalysts for PET-RAFT Polymerization and Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly.

Metal-free organic photocatalysts for photo-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) are witnessed to make increasing advancement in the precise synthesis of polymers. However, challenges still exist in the development of high-efficiency and environmentally sustainable carbon dots (CDs)-based organocatalysts. Herein, N-doped CDs derived from phenanthroline derivative (Aphen) are prepared as metal-free photocatalysts for photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization.

Integrating Hybrid Perovskite Nanocrystals into Metal-Organic Framework as Efficient S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Synergistically Boosting Controlled Radical Photopolymerization under 980 nm NIR Light.

S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst MAPbI@PCN-222 with light absorption extending to the NIR region is constructed by embedding organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (MAPbI) into porphyrinic Zr-MOF (PCN-222). Both in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectral characterization, and photocatalytic polymerization experiment prove the formation of S-scheme heterojunction. MAPbI@PCN-222 with a low dosage (90 ppm) displays an impressive photocatalytic ability for 980 nm light-mediated photoinduced electron/energy-transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization in air.

Pectin in Metabolic Liver Disease.

Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are observed in nutritional liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and have been shown to be associated with the severity of both. Editing the composition of the microbiota by fecal microbiota transfer or by application of probiotics or prebiotics/fiber in rodent models and human proof-of-concept trials of NAFLD and ALD have demonstrated its possible contribution to reducing the progression of liver damage. In this review, we address the role of a soluble fiber, pectin, in reducing the development of liver injury in NAFLD and ALD through its impact on gut bacteria.

Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) Ameliorates Intestinal Infection by Modulating the Gut microbiota and Metabolites and Providing Intestinal Protection in Mice.

Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a garlic extract also known as allicin, has been reported to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer, antifungal, and inflammation-inhibiting activities, among others. Although many studies have assessed whether DADS can treat infection , its function and the underlying mechanism are still not clear. Accumulated evidence has implicated the gut microbiota as an important factor in the colonization and invasion of .

Profiling microbial removal of micropollutants in sand filters: Biotransformation pathways and associated bacteria.

Although there is growing evidence that micropollutants can be microbially converted in rapid sand filters of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), little is known about the biotransformation pathways and associated microbial strains in this process. Here, we constructed sand filter columns filled with manganese or quartz sand obtained from full-scale DWTPs to explore the biotransformation of eight micropollutants. Under seven different empty bed contact times (EBCTs), the column experiments showed that caffeine and atenolol were easily removed (up to 92.

Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles coincide with intestinal damage in mice with a bloodborne Candida albicans infection.

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can threaten life especially in patients with candidemia. The morbidity and mortality of candidemia originating from a central venous catheter (CVC) and illicit intravenous drug use (IVDU) are increasing. However, the mechanism underlying the bloodborne C.

Metagenomics Unravels Differential Microbiome Composition and Metabolic Potential in Rapid Sand Filters Purifying Surface Water Versus Groundwater.

Designed for retaining suspended particles, rapid sand filters (RSFs) are widely used in drinking water treatment. There is increasing evidence that microbial processes within RSFs contribute to the transformation and removal of organic carbon, nitrogen, and metal pollutants. Here, we linked microbial composition and functional profiles with the treatment performance of 12 different RSFs that significantly removed influent ammonium and manganese (Mn).

[Metabolic Functional Analysis of Dominant Microbial Communities in the Rapid Sand Filters for Drinking Water].

Rapid sand filter (RSF) is widely used in drinking water treatment plants. Rapid filtration is always considered a physicochemical process, but the effect of the microorganisms that attach to the filter media remain inadequately investigated. In order to understand the composition and functional characteristics of microbial communities in RSFs, influent water, effluent water, and filter materials from eleven RSFs in eight Chinese cities were sampled and analyzed.

Use of convertible flow cells to simulate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on river biofilm bacterial communities.

Bacterial attachment to surfaces and the development of biofilms are crucial processes during the self-purification of polluted rivers. Biofilm bacterial communities also are a potential indicator of the human impact on an aquatic system. Here, we used indoor reactors with 7.

Integrating microbial biomass, composition and function to discern the level of anthropogenic activity in a river ecosystem.

Anthropogenic activities (e.g., wastewater discharge and pesticide and fertilizer use) have considerable impact on the biotic properties of natural aquatic ecosystems, especially the microbial community and function.