participates in melatonin-induced proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by upregulating expression of and in grape seeds.

This work demonstrated that melatonin increases continuously in seeds, particularly seed coats, during berry ripening. Exogenous melatonin treatments significantly increased the proanthocyanidin (PA) content, partially through ethylene signaling, in seed coats. expression exhibited patterns similar to melatonin accumulation over time, which was largely induced by melatonin treatment in seed coats during berry ripening.

Effect of Petroleum Generation and Retention on Nanopore Structure Change in Laminated and Massive Shales-Insights from Hydrous Pyrolysis of Lacustrine Source Rocks from the Permian Lucaogou Formation.

The lacustrine shale of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag is the principal prospective unconventional target in the Junggar Basin. The effect of petroleum generation and retention on nanopore structure change during thermal maturity in lacustrine shale is still unclear. In this study, two laminated and two massive shale samples from the Permian Lucaogou Formation were selected to study this change by closed hydrous pyrolysis.

Research on China-EU equipment manufacturing Trade dependence in intra-industry specialization view.

As the foundation of the industrial economy, the equipment manufacturing industry takes an important position on the China-EU trade. Based on the analysis of the overall trend and structure of China-EU equipment manufacturing industry trade in 2007-2020, this article involves the construction of trade concentration into trade dependence metrics, and then calculate the degree of interdependence between China and EU equipment manufacturing trade in 2020. The perspective of the intra-industry specialization will be used to analyze China-EU equipment manufacturing trade dependency in 2020.

Ultra-wideband self-powered photodetector based on suspended reduced graphene oxide with asymmetric metal contacts.

The ultraviolet to terahertz band forms the main focus of optoelectronics research, while light detection in different bands generally requires the use of different materials and processing methods. However, researchers are aiming to realize multi-band detection simultaneously in the same device in certain specific application scenarios and ultra-wideband photoelectric detectors can also realize multi-function and multi-system integration. Therefore, the research and development work on ultra-wideband photoelectric detectors has important practical application value.

Local large temperature difference and ultra-wideband photothermoelectric response of the silver nanostructure film/carbon nanotube film heterostructure.

Photothermoelectric materials have important applications in many fields. Here, we joined a silver nanostructure film and a carbon nanotube film by van der Waals force to form a heterojunction, which shows excellent photothermal and photoelectric conversion properties. The local temperature difference and the output photovoltage increase rapidly when the heterojunction is irradiated by lasers with wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to terahertz.

Melatonin alters the secondary metabolite profile of grape berry skin by promoting VvMYB14-mediated ethylene biosynthesis.

The interplay between melatonin and ethylene in the regulation of fruit metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain largely unclear. Here, widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a total of 464 metabolites present in berry skin. Among them, 27 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were produced in response to melatonin treatment in the presence or absence of 1-MCP.

High-Responsivity Photodetector Based on a Suspended Monolayer Graphene/RbAgI Composite Nanostructure.

Graphene has excellent electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties that make it an ideal optoelectronic material. However, it still has some problems, such as a very low light absorption rate, which means it cannot meet the application requirements of high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here, we produce a high-responsivity photodetector based on a monolayer graphene/RbAgI composite nanostructure.

Growth mechanism and photoelectric properties of a silver nanowire network prepared by solid state ionics method.

A macroscopic silver nanowire (AgNW) network is grown by solid state ionics method. The ion flow during growth of the AgNW network is controlled by maintaining a current in the order of 10 A. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the growth direction of AgNWs in the network is irregular and spread evenly in all directions and the nanowires are 40-160 nm in diameter.

Methotrexate impaired in-vivo matured mouse oocyte quality and the possible mechanisms.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate agent which is widely used in clinic for treating malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis and ectopic pregnancy. As reported, MTX has side effects on gastrointestinal system, nervous system and reproductive system, while its potential damages on oocyte quality are still unclear. It is known that oocyte quality is essential for healthy conception and the forthcoming embryo development.

Melatonin may increase disease resistance and flavonoid biosynthesis through effects on DNA methylation and gene expression in grape berries.

Background: Melatonin can regulate plant growth, development and biotic responses by causing global changes in gene expression; however, the melatonin-induced changes in gene expression via the modification of DNA methylation remain unclear in plants.

Results: A total of 1,169,852 and 1,008,894 methylated cytosines (mCs) were identified in the control and melatonin-treated grape berries, respectively, and mCs occurred primarily at CG sites, followed by CHG sites and CHH sites. Compared to the control, melatonin treatment broadly decreased methylation levels at CHG and particularly CHH sites in various gene regions.

Facile fabrication of eutectic gallium-indium alloy nanostructure and application in photodetection.

Eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) alloy is a kind of liquid metal and has attracted much attention due to good properties. In order to satisfy the trend of miniaturization and realize more practical applications, the exploration for preparation method and properties of EGaIn at nanoscale are very important. Here, facile vacuum thermal evaporation method is developed to fabricate EGaIn nanostructures.

Transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic profiling and metabolite analyses reveal the mechanism of NaHCO-induced organic acid secretion in grapevine roots.

Background: Organic acid secretion is a widespread physiological response of plants to alkalinity. However, the characteristics and underlying mechanism of the alkali-induced secretion of organic acids are poorly understood.

Results: Oxalate was the main organic acid synthesized and secreted in grapevine (a hybrid of Vitis amurensis, V.

Superionic Modulation of Polymethylmethacrylate-Assisted Suspended Few-Layer Graphene Nanocomposites for High-Performance Photodetectors.

Graphene is receiving significant attention for use in optoelectronic devices because it exhibits a wide range of desirable electrical properties. Although modified graphene that is fabricated on quantum dots (or similar integration strategies) has shown promise, it has not met the requirements for high-speed applications and highly sensitive detection. Herein, we report ion-modulated graphene composite nanostructures that were incorporated into photodetectors.

Self-assembled gold micro/nanostructure arrays based on superionic conductor RbAgI films.

Herein, we propose a new strategy to fabricate gold (Au) micro/nanostructure arrays by photocatalytic solid-state electrochemical reaction between superionic conductor RbAgI and Au films. The Au and RbAgI films were successively deposited on a clean quartz substrate by vacuum thermal deposition method. A copper microgrid possessing periodic holes 100 μm in diameter was put above the RbAgI film as a mask plate, whereupon irradiation from a 405 nm wavelength laser was used to diffuse gold ions (Au ions) into vacant silver sites of RbAgI and transfer Au through ion passageways in the RbAgI film.

Comparison of different in vitro differentiation conditions for murine female germline stem cells.

Objectives: In vitro differentiation of oocytes from female germline stem cells (FGSCs) has exciting potential applications for reproductive medicine. Some researchers have attempted to reveal the in vitro differentiation capacity of FGSCs. However, no systematic comparative study of in vitro differentiation conditions has been performed for murine FGSCs (mFGSCs).

High-Performance, Ultra-Broadband, Ultraviolet to Terahertz Photodetectors Based on Suspended Carbon Nanotube Films.

Ultra-broad spectral detection is critical for several technological applications in imaging, sensing, spectroscopy, and communication. Carbon nanotube (CNT) films are a promising material for ultra-broadband photodetectors because their absorption spectra cover the entire ultraviolet to the terahertz range. However, because of the high binding energy of excitons, photodetectors based on CNT films always require a strong electric field, asymmetric electrical contacts, or hybrid structures with other materials.

Comparison of spatial chromosomal organization between bone marrow and peripheral blood in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(8;21)(q22;q22)/runt related transcription factor (RUNX)1-RUNX1 translocation partner 1 has been reported to exhibit a favorable outcome. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction is a reliable method for assessing minimal residual disease persistence, and peripheral blood (PB) samples are as informative as bone marrow (BM) samples during follow-up monitoring. However, few studies have compared the spatial organization of leukemia-specific chromosomes between BM and PB.

Rapid, controllable growth of silver nanostructured surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for red blood cell detection.

Silver nanostructured films suitable for use as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates are prepared in just 2 hours by the solid-state ionics method. By changing the intensity of the external direct current, we can readily control the surface morphology and growth rate of the silver nanostructured films. A detailed investigation of the surface enhancement of the silver nanostructured films using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a molecular probe revealed that the enhancement factor of the films was up to 10(11).

A new classification of interphase nuclei based on spatial organizations of chromosome 8 and 21 for t(8;21) (q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia by three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Interphase heterogenous chromosomes spatially close to each other are predominantly located near the center of nuclei and are prone to incur translocations. We screened a t(8;21) (q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia-M2 patient during three phases (post-chemotherapy, remittent stage, and relapse) and a donor of normal karyotype as control by two-(2D) and three-dimensional (3D)-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our classification of nuclei (normal, transitional, and malignant nuclei) by 3D-FISH analyses may provide a more precise prognosis than 2D-FISH results, especially for remittent stage sample in our study, in which 2D-FISH findings showed normal results, whereas 3D-FISH results showed extreme abnormalities (normal nuclei 27%, transitional nuclei 36%, malignant nuclei 37%).

[Intensity loss of two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy images of mouse oocyte chromosomes].

As an optical microscope with high resolution, two-photon excitation (TPE) fluorescence microscope is widely used in noninvasive 3D optical imaging of biological samples. Compared with confocal laser scanning microscope, TPE fluorescence microscope provides a deeper detecting depth. In spite of that, the image quality of sample always declines as the detecting depth increases when a noninvasive 3D optical imaging of thicker samples is performed.

Analysis of cytosolic pH changes in thymocytes during early apoptosis with improved three-channel real-time fluorescence imaging.

Cytosolic pH changes in single thymocytes in the early stages of apoptosis were examined with spectral-crosstalk-improved three-channel real-time fluorescence imaging. Spectral crosstalk was greatly reduced by this improved image processing method. Compared with normal thymocytes, the improved image processing method showed that the cytosolic pH value of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis was lower.

[A method for real-time observation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in single bovine retinal neurons].

In order to observe the neurotrophin's influence on intracellular free calcium concentration, the test neuron was labeled by fluorescence indicator Fluo-3, and imaged by self-built real-time fluorescence microscopy system. The authors observed the changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the bovine retinal neurons under the influence of four kinds of neurotrophins such as brain derived neurotrophic factor BDNF. On account of the fact that fluorescence indicator's intensity decays over time, it is necessary to apply a "decay removal correction" to the fluorescence intensity in order to show the fluorescence intensity that solely represents [Ca2+]i.

Effects of piperine and deoxyschizandrin on synchronized Ca²⁺ oscillations in cultured hippocampal neuronal cells.

It has been reported that piperine (PIP) and deoxyschizandrin (DS) can modulate synchronized Ca²⁺ oscillations in cultured hippocampal neuronal networks. We investigated the modulation effects of four different combinations of piperine and deoxyschizandrin on synchronized Ca²⁺ oscillations in cultured hippocampal neuronal networks. The results showed that all four combinations (PIP:DS 4.